日本平安時代物語文學中的求婚變奏曲──關於掠奪女性身體自由的「搶婚」譚

Variations on Proposal of Marriage in Monogatari Literature of the Heian Period of Japan: Tales on Marriage by Abduction in Deprivation of Freedom in Female Bodies

根據個人多年來對於日本平安時代的物語文學的考察及研究，發現《竹取物語》之所以可稱為「物語之祖」，是因為《竹取物語》所蘊含的「物語要素」都影響了日本平安時代的其他物語文學作品。其中，《竹取物語》中五位人稱「好色之輩」的公卿王侯就展開「憧憬年輕貌美的異性」、「想好好看清對方」或「有意佔為已有」等求婚行為，最後天皇也加入求婚行列，甚至演變成帝王搶婚的變奏曲。《竹取物語》之後的物語作品，也都幾乎圍繞在男女求婚、戀愛及結婚等兒女私情方面的描寫。若把「搶婚」這種求婚變奏曲的創作手法特別抽離，放諸平安時代的物語文學作品加以審視，結果是否可以發現物語的另一「物語要素」，是值得探討的重要課題。因為《竹取物語》、《伊勢物語》、《宇津保物語》、《落窪物語》甚至《源氏物語》等物語文學經典中都一脈相承了「搶婚」的情節。透個此論文發表，一一檢視並分析作品中的實例，再分項歸納用例在作品內的內涵，如此逐步從物語文學中的求婚變奏曲的文藝現象中，探究它身為「物語要素」的重要性並申論其文藝創意性。

According to the author's dedication to the research of Monogatari Literature in the Heian Period, he has discovered that Taketorimonogatari (竹取物語The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter) is deemed to be the oldest extant Monogatari Literature because it contains story elements that influence other literary works in the Heian Period in Japan. The five lustful princes in Taketorimonogatari applies ”eager for youth and beauty”, ”hope to take a closer look at each other” as means of proposing, in the end also the emperor joins the proposal of marriage. Literary works after Taketorimonogatari also take up the theme of men proposing to women, love affair and marriage and other children. It is worthwhile to explore if variations in ”marriage by abduction”, can be commonly found in Monogatari Literature; thus discover another characteristics of Monogatari Literature. As witnessed in Taketorimonogatari, Ise Monogatari (伊勢物語The Tales of Ise), Utsubo Monogatari (宇津保物語The Tale of the Hollow Tree), Ochikubo Monogatari (落窪物語The Tale of Ochikubo) or even Genji Monogatari (源氏物語The Tale of Genji) and other literary classics, ”marriage by abduction” is always part of the plot. This research project aims at viewing and analyzing examples of work one by one, and then categorizing examples in the works as listed above in the hope to explore the artistic creativity and importance of ”marriage of abduction” as one of the characteristics of Monogatari Literature.