如何說故事：幾個呈現經驗的現象學命題

How to Present Experiences in Stories: Some Phenomenological Propositions

本文採現象學立場，視說故事為再現經驗、描述行動，聽故事為建構經驗、領會行動，並借用舒茲的社會現象學概念，提出幾個命題——以內在聯想與外在聯想概念說明任何故事對象可能包含的豐富主題性，以時間性概念規範故事結構與邏輯性，以理解概念介紹感情的表達方法，以及建議以特定經驗角度賦予事物或現象意義——希望能協助說故事者開拓敘事觀點的視野，組織敘事內容，建立故事結構，以及在感情表達層面引起共鳴。

This article assumes a phenomenological standpoint that conceives story-telling as representing experiences and recounting actions and storylistening as constructing experiences and understanding meanings. It adopts Schutz's social phenomenological concepts of inner horizon and outer horizon, temporality, and “Verstehen” as conceptual foundations that offer propositions to provide guidance, respectively, for selecting themes, organizing story events, and expressing emotions. In particular, the article uses the concepts of inner horizon and outer horizon to demonstrate the wide spectrum of possible themes inherent in any intentional subject; applies the concept of temporality to observe story structure and logical development among events; extends the concept of “Verstehen” as a means to building feelings of empathy; and suggests the use of selected subjective viewpoints to anchor the meanings of events or phenomena. These propositions may assist storytellers in expanding their sensitivity of theme selection, organizing narrative contents, formulating structure, and evoking empathy.