迷途而知返？紐西蘭的公共廣電與文化創意產業

Public Service Broadcasting and Creative Industry: The Case of New Zealand

在當代發展文化創意產業的風潮中，有些國家賦予公共廣電新的使命，以便達到文化（促進文化發展）與經濟（振興影視產業）的目標。在此脈絡下，國有電視轉向公共化。本文即分析紐西蘭電視公共化的模式，及其對影視產業的影響。本文的分析指出：在三種公共化的模式中，紐西蘭選擇最小幅度的改革，只要求公共電視盡責任，卻沒有給予充份的支持；由於公共廣電必須與商業電視競爭，又沒有充份的奧援，結果陷入文化（文化發展）與經濟（商業績效）的矛盾，無力振興本國的文化創意產業。本文據此建議：未來媒體改革必須包括重整廣電的秩序並打造公共廣電的物質基礎；如此，公共廣電才能促進文化發展，並協助建立永續發展的影視產業。

While some countries are developing creative industries, their public service broadcasters shoulder the responsibility of boosting audio-visual industries. New Zealand has transformed her state television enterprise into a pubic-service one. This paper mainly asks: to what extent has the transformation of TVNZ contributed to the promotion of her audio-visual industry? According to the analysis, among the three policy options, New Zealand only adopted a reform on a minimal scale; thus TVNZ, trapped in the contradictions of public service and business performance, can not fully support the industry. Based on the above analysis, we suggest that future media reform should cover the governance of private media and the financial structures of public service television, in order to develop a sustainable audio-visual industry.