幸福之路：雙重自我建構的分流與匯合

Multiple Ways to Subjective Well-being: The Divergence and Convergence of Double Self-construals in Taiwan

根據文化比較的觀點，兩種自我建構分別經由不同的中介因子獲得幸福感，獨立自我透過提升自尊而達幸福感，相依自我則藉由相融和諧產生幸福感。本研究論證，當相依自我與重要他人有相融和諧關係時，也可提升自我價值（自尊），進而產生幸福感；但相依自我因過度自我批評而對自尊有負面效果，進而損及主觀幸福感。綜合這些論述，本研究提出「自我建構與幸福感之多重路徑模式」，且以實徵資料進行檢驗。本研究以台灣民眾為對象，以問卷調查法蒐集資料，共回收有效問卷401份。測量的變項包括：獨立自我、相依自我、整體自尊、相融和諧、主觀幸福感（包括生活滿意、正向情緒、負向情緒）。研究結果顯示：台灣民眾在相依自我與獨立自我的分數均有偏高趨勢，且相依自我強度高於獨立自我強度。結構方程模式的分析顯示：「多重路徑模式」為一適配模式，且路徑係數皆符合預期。相依自我與獨立自我在追求幸福的路上並非全然分流，「整體自尊」是兩者的「匯合」之處；不同自我建構在達到幸福感的過程中，呈現出既分且合的多重路徑之面貌。最後，討論本研究之限制，研究結果之啟發及未來研究方向。

This study aimed to explore and verify the multiple paths from the double self-construals (independent self and interdependent self) to subjective well-being (SWB). From the cross-cultural viewpoint, independent self was proposed to be the predictor of SWB, acting through the mediating variable "global self-esteem"; whereas interdependent self was the predictor of SWB, acting through "fitting-harmony". Besides the two selves' divergent ways toward SWB, a way converging on self-esteem was proposed in this study. That is, fitting-harmony was hypothesized to be an important domain on which self-esteem is contingent; therefore, self-esteem might also be a mediator for the interdependent self to SWB. However, interdependent self might have a negative direct effect on self-esteem, which could cause damage to SWB. As mentioned above, the "multiple causal pathway model" (MCPM) was constructed for empirical investigation. A survey was conducted to a Taiwanese sample, and 401 valid questionnaires were collected and used for this study. Participants completed the items of measurement scales for independent self, interdependent self, self-esteem, fitting- harmony, and SWB. The results indicated that the strengths of both selves were high in the Taiwanese sample, and the strength of interdependent self was even higher than that of independent self. Most importantly, it was verified that MCPM tested by structural equation modeling was theoretically acceptable, and the multiple (divergent and convergent) paths from two self-construals to SWB were supported. Finally, the limitations, implications, and future research directions were discussed.