中文字鄰項特性與聲旁－－發音對應關係

Neighborhood Characteristics and Phonetic-sound Correspondence of Chinese Characters

中文含旁字因表音特徵能否發音及有效表音，形成三種聲旁－發音對應關係，以及鄰項成員對應一致性程度。多數研究皆指出這些因素對字詞快速朗讀反應的效應，受字詞出現頻率高低的限制。由於含旁字朋友頻率總和分佈隨字頻共變，本研究根據朋友頻率總和敵人頻率總和的比率操弄一致性程度。實驗一發現低頻同音含旁字造成的一致性效果，與低頻非同音含旁字造成的規則性效果隨朋友頻率總和高低變化，規則性效果的反應時間差異普遍高於一致性效果。嚴格控制鄰項特性後，實驗二發現同音含旁字與異音含旁字的一致性效果與字頻的交互作用消失，但是異音含旁字的一致性效果小於同音含旁字的一致性效果。本研究結果顯示形音對應關係與字頻的交互作用是鄰項特性搭配聲旁－發音對應造成的效應。根據這些發現，建議形音對應關係的認知運作應根據聲旁－發音對應關係區分，探討鄰項特性的效應。

The phonetics of Chinese characters has the aspects of pronounceable and validity which constituent three types of phonetic- sound correspondence and the consistency level in terms of neighborhood characteristics. Most studies have figured out that the impact of these aspects on naming performance is constrained by character/ word frequency. This study manipulated the ratio of summed frequency of friends and summed frequency of enemies in consideration of the distribution of summed frequency of friends across character frequency. Experiment 1 showed the consistency effects caused by homophonous and the regularity effects caused by non- homophonous changed with the amount of summed frequency of friends. And the size of regularity effect is larger than that of consistency effect in general. In Experiment 2, the strict control of neighborhood characteristics eliminated the interaction of consistency effects and character frequency. However, the magnitude of homophonous was larger than that of heterophonous. These results show that the interactions of character frequency and orthography to phonology correspondence are the various impact of neighborhood characteristic across phonetic- sound correspondences. The final section discussed the importance of distinguishing the phonetic types in studying the impact of neighborhood characteristic.