在飛行儀表板中飛機的呈現亮度對視覺搜尋表現的影響

Effects of Brightness Highlighting on Visual Search Performance within a Cockpit Display of Traffic Information

本研究探討在飛行儀表板中飛機的呈現亮度對視覺搜尋表現的影響。受測者的作業是儘快在儀表板所有的飛機中偵測出對其駕駛的飛機具有威脅性的飛機。儀表板中所有的飛機可能全以高亮度呈現，低亮度呈現，或一半高亮度，一半低亮度（混合）呈現。具威脅性的飛機有可能以高亮度或低亮度呈現。第一個實驗中受測者的偵測時間顯示在混合高低亮度呈現的儀表板中，低亮度的飛機被偵測的時間較全高亮度或全低亮度呈現的長；高亮度的飛機被偵測的時間則與全高亮度或全低亮度呈現的相同。第二個實驗使用信號偵測理論方法，其結果顯示主要是受測者對混合呈現中低亮度飛機的視覺敏感度降低，非決策判斷歷程，延長其偵測時間。本研究的結果可作為決定儀表板訊息呈現亮度之參考。

This study investigated visual search of target aircraft on a Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI). Target aircraft were distinguished by an airspace course that conflicted with Ownship (the participant's aircraft). Of primary interest was the influence of brightness highlighting on participants' ability to detect the target aircraft among distractor aircraft. The display could present all (homogenous) bright aircraft, all (homogenous) dim aircraft, or mixed bright and dim aircraft, with the target aircraft being either bright or dim. In the mixed intensity display, participants were not instructed whether the target aircraft was bright or dim. The first experiment measuring participants' response time showed that instead of bright targets being detected faster, dim targets were detected more slowly in the mixed intensity display than in the homogenous display. The second experiment utilized Signal Detection methodology to determine the cause of this effect. The signal detectability measure, A' (a non-parametric variant of d'), revealed that targets presented at the dim intensity in the mixed intensity display yielded significantly lower sensitivity than either of the homogenous displays or the bright targets in the mixed intensity display. There was not a significant difference in False Alarm rates between any displays, indicating no change in decision criterion. Findings are discussed in terms of possible masking effects evoked by bright aircraft over the dim aircraft.