運用情境訪談法評量幼兒教師的實用智能

Applying the Situational Interview Approach in Measuring Practical Intelligence of Preschool Teachers

本研究旨在發展評量幼兒教師實用智能的視訊化情境訪談評量工具，透過主題專家研擬情境訪談的評量題目與計分標準。在全台進行實地施測的過程中，以兩階段抽樣的1200名幼兒教師構成本研究的正式分析樣本。研究者以預試實證資料，進行視訊化情境訪談的題目分析，刪除專家組和生手組差異考驗未達顯著水準，以及評分者信度不佳的題目。接著研究者以第一次施測200名樣本實證資料，進行視訊化情境訪談的探索性分析，產生12個情境訪談題目。最後研究者以第二次施測取得1000名樣本實證資料，進行驗證性因素分析與結構方程模式分析。巢狀模式因素結構驗證性因素分析結果顯示，視訊化情境訪談的評量內涵包含「適應情勢」、「塑造情勢」、「選擇情勢」三個特殊因素，以及「實用智能」一般因素，特殊因素的解釋變異量大於一般因素的變異量。以「適應情勢」、「塑造情勢」、「選擇情勢」三種特質，視訊化情境訪談與情境判斷量表兩種方法為多項特質多項方法基礎，積差相關矩陣和驗證性因素分析結果顯示聚斂效度、區別效度存在。結構方程模式分析顯示視訊化情境訪談得分顯著影響幼兒教師的工作表現。根據主要研究發現，研究者針對視訊化情境訪談的應用，以及未來研究努力方向研提相關建議。

The main purpose of the present study was to conduct video-based situational interview approach to measure preschool teacher's practical intelligence. Face to face questionnaire survey was conducted with preschool teachers from Taiwain aera. 1200 preschool teachers was sampled by the way of two-stage sampling. According to the item analysis, exploratory analyses, video-based situational interview for preschool teacher's practical intelligence is reduced to 12 items. Confirmatory factor analysis of nested factor structure show that measurement of video-based situational interview for preschool teachers' practical intelligence include general and specific factors. Specific factors are adaptive, shaping, and selective situation, general factor is practical intelligence (GP). And the amount of specific variance is more than GP. The validity of evaluating indicators for preschool teacher's practical intelligence is investigated through the construction of a multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix. The three sections of the indicators, including adaptive, shaping, and selective situation, are treated as distinct traits. While, video-based situational interview and situational judgment inventory are treated as distinct methods. Results from MTMM matrix provide support for the convergent validity, discriminant validity of the indicators. The result of structural equation modeling indicate that job performance of preschool teachers can be captured by video-based situational interview. Those findings will give helpful information to apply video-based situational interview and future study.