網路應徵者填寫測驗的作假意圖：測驗類型與情境因素的影響

Faking Intention on the Internet: Effects of Test Types and Situational Factors

隨著科技的發展，網際網路已成為許多企業組織招募與甄選的重要管道。但是至目前為止似乎少有研究探討在網路上填寫測驗時的作假現象，因此本研究以2（測驗類型）X8（情境）的受試者間實驗設計探討「測驗類型」與「情境」對網路應徵者作假意圖的影響。測驗類型為人格測驗、傳記式問卷；八種情境則分別為：（一）有作答時間限制（A）；（二）有測謊題的警告（B）；（三）有會查證的警告（C）；（四）（A）與（B）的組合；（五）（A）與（C）的組合；（六）（B）與（C）的組合；（七）（A）、（B）與（C）的組合；（八）控制組，無任何情境指導語。研究工具為「工作適應人格量表」，以及與其分測驗向度相對應的「傳記式問卷」，作假意圖是測量受試者之社會期許分數。本研究係以欲應徵行銷業務類工作的人為對象，收集其在網路人力銀行上填寫測驗的資料，有效問卷共1555份。研究結果顯示，測驗類型、情境因素對作假意圖的主要效果皆達顯著水準，但是二者之間並沒有顯著之交互作用存在；在測驗類型方面，填答傳記式問卷比填答人格測驗時之作假意圖（社會期許分數）較低，而在情境因素方面，八種情境中僅以「有測謊題與事後查證的警告」能顯著地降低受試者之作假意圖。此外，本研究發現作假意圖與人格測驗分數具有顯著的關聯性。結果也顯示受試者的作答時間愈長，其作假傾向愈高，而在人口變項方面亦發現年齡、性別與學歷之不同在作假意圖上具有顯著差異。本研究根據上述結果進行討論並提出建議。

With the explosion of new technologies being developed for internet, internet becomes a major recruitment and selection source for many organizations. In order to increase the reliability and validity of internet testing, it is important to understand the factors underlying faking intention. This study examines the effects of test types and situational factors on faking intention. The test types were personality test and biodata. The situational factors were manipulated through the instruction of: (l) testing time limitation (A); (2) warning of lie scale (B); (3) warning of verification (C); (4) the combination of (A) and (B); (5) the combination of (A) and (C); (6) the combination of (B) and (C); (7) the combination of (A), (B) and (C); and (8) control group with no specific instruction. Job Adaptability Personality Inventory (JAPI) was used to assess personality, and biodata were constructed with relative dimensions of JAPI. Faking intention was measured by social desirability scores. Subjects were 1555 job applicants applying for jobs (sales) on the internet. The findings were as follows: The main effects of test types and situational factors were both significant, but there was no significant interaction between these two variables. With respect to testing types, subjects filling biodata tended to have less faking intention than subjects filling personality tests. And with respect to situational conditions, only the combination of warning of lie scale and verification reduced faking intention significantly. In addition, faking intention was positively correlated with the personality test dimension scores. The more testing time subjects used, the more they tended to fake. There were significant differences on faking intention at different age, sex and education level.