範疇具體的失書：三症例報告

Category Specific Agraphia: Report of Three Cases

本研究報告三個失寫症的個案，他們顯示漢字的失寫，但未呈假名的閱讀與失寫的困難。個案NK呈現漢字失寫與左顱頂葉受損。個案TO則呈左側葉受損。個案MY則漢字的失讀與失寫與左側葉的損害。此三個案均呈漢字的失寫但並未呈失語或假名的閱讀與書寫的困難。錯誤分析顯示，他們有不同的組型。個案NK呈字形相似性的錯誤。個案TO不能寫出漢字。個案MY則呈同音字的錯誤。此結果指出，漢字失寫可發生在訊息處理的許多層次，亦指出，漢字與假名的處理涉及不同的神經機制。

Three cases of specific agraphia were reported, which showed Kanji agraphia without showing Kana reading and writing disturbances. Case NK demonstrated pure Kanji agraphia and left parietal lesion. Case TO revealed Kanji agraphia and left temporal lobe lesion. Case MY had Kanji agraphia with alexia and left temporal lobe lesion. These three cases demonstrated Kanji writing disturbance although they had no aphasic disturbance and Kana (Japanese phonogram) reading or writing disturbances. Error-pattern analyses show that these three cases demonstrated different patterns. Case NK had morphologically similar errors. Case TO shows no response and Case MY demonstrated homophonic errors in using Kanji. These results indicate that the disturbance of Kanji writing occurs at many levels of information processing. The results also suggest that the processing of Kanji and Kana involved different neural mechanisms.