資源流失、因應、社會支持與九二一地震災民的心理症狀之關係

Relationship Between Resources Loss, Coping, Social Support and Psychological Symptoms of the 921 Earthquake Victims

本研究以資源保留理論為基礎，探討九二一地震之後，災民的資源流失、因應及社會支持評估對其心理症狀的影響。本研究若依資源保留理論的觀點，可以假設資源流失會比因應更能預測災民的心理症狀，但是依Benight等人（1999）及Zeidner與Hammer（1992）的看法，因應會直接影響災民的心理症狀。另外，本研究亦想了解不同類型的資源流失對因應、社會支持與心理症狀的影響。本研究共收集354位災民的反應，其中住震前家中的有114位，住組合屋等其他住所者有240位。從相關結果來看，本研究的結果支持資源保留理論的看法，亦即資源流失會影響災民的心理症狀，而期待機構支持及逃避因應亦和心理症狀間有顯著的正相關。於災民的資源流失中，又以個人特質與能力的流失較能預測心理症狀的發生。經由逐步迴歸分析的結果發現，逃避的因應型態與期待外在機構的支持亦影響心理症狀的變化。於社會支持方面，期待的社會支持對心理症狀的影響超過實質的社會支持。

Based on conservation of resources theory, this study examines the relations of resources loss, coping measures, evaluation of social support and psychological symptoms of people in the 921 earthquake two years after the earthquake. This study tested resources loss or coping that influence people's psychological symptoms, Based on COR, resources loss should- strongly predict psychological symptoms, but Benight et al., (1999) and Zeidner and Hammer (1992) suggested coping will directly influence psychological symptoms. This study also examined how different kinds of resources loss affected coping measures one uses, and social support and psychological symptoms. Three hundred and fifty four subjects were interviewed in this study, including 240 stayed in shelter, and 114 living in the same home before earthquake. Correlation results of this study support the hypothesis of conservation of resources theory, (i. e., resources loss affects the subject's psychological symptoms). "Expected support from external agency" and "avoidance coping" also significantly correlated with psychological symptoms. Results of stepwise regression analyses showed that the loss of personal resources was the strongest predictor of subject's psychological symptoms. "Avoidance coping" and "expected support from external agency" also significantly influenced subjects' psychological symptoms. Expected social support influenced psychological symptoms, more than received social support.