中文版日夜作息習慣量表：紙本標準版與網路版

Chinese Version of the Owl and Lark Questionnaire: Paper-Pencil and Internet Administration

個體所呈現的每日作息節律，可依其睡眠時間偏好被區分為不同的「時型」（chronotype）。本研究將Horne與Östberg於1976年發展且為現今最為廣用之時型測量工具─日夜作息習慣量表（Owl and Lark Questionnaire，或較廣為人知的名稱Horne and Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire）翻譯為中文，並以紙本版施測於大學生（18 ~ 28歲），獲得Cronbach's α係數 .70（N = 213）及間隔一個月的再測信度 .71（N = 28）。另也發展該量表之網路填寫版本並擴大施測年齡層（18 ~ 36歲）及社會背景，獲得Cronbach's α係數 .75（N = 660）及間隔120 ~ 339天的再測信度 .61（n = 24）。兩組的日夜作息習慣量表總分與就寢時間及起床時間皆呈現顯著負相關（-.40 ~ -.60），日夜作息習慣量表總分越高即越偏向白日型（morning type）者，就寢及起床時間越早。夜貓型（evening type）者的週間週末起床時間差異最大，且其週間睡眠長度雖未和其他時型者呈現顯著差異，其週末睡眠長度卻顯著較長。紙本版的日夜作息習慣量表總分和年齡及白日睏睡度的關係未達顯著，但網路版則顯示日夜作息習慣量表總分越高，則年齡越長及白日睏睡度越低。紙本與網路版的日夜作息習慣量表總分則都未呈現顯著的性別差異。整體而言，本研究結果支持中文版日夜作息習慣量表，無論是紙本標準版或是網路版本，皆為具良好信效度之時型評估工具。

Individuals' variation in their preference for the daily timing of sleep and wakefulness is known as chronotype. This study aims to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Owl and Lark Questionnaire (OLQ; also known as the Horne and Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire), which was developed by Horne and Östberg in 1976 and is still today the most frequently used self-evaluation instrument for chronotype. Two selfadministration methods for the Chinese OLQ were studied. The paper and pencil version was studied in university students aged between 18 and 28 years and showed an internal consistency Cronbach's alpha value of .7 (N = 213) and a one-month-interval test-retest reliability value of .71 (N = 28). The internet version was administered in general adults aged between 18 and 36 years and showed a Cronbach's alpha value of .75 (N = 660) and a test-retest reliability value of .61 (n = 24) with varying test-retest intervals of 120 ~ 339 days. The OLQ scores of both the versions were negatively correlated with the mean daily bedtime and getup time, i.e., the higher the score (denoting greater circadian preference as a morning type), the earlier the bedtime and getup time. Compared to the morning type and intermediate type, the evening type had the greatest value for the difference in getup time between weekday and weekend and longest sleep duration during the weekend. Age positively and daytime sleepiness negatively correlated to morningness in the internet group. However, sex differences in OLQ scores were not found. Taken together, the results of this study support that both the paper and internet versions of the Chinese OLQ are of good reliability and validity for assessing the phase preference of individuals.