能力與情誼：親子認知與情感信任之區辨及其功能探討

Cognition- and Affect-Based Trust in the Context of Intergenerational Interactions: Their Distinctions and Functions

信任常被視為親子關係品質的核心指標，然而信任的向度結構及其在親子衝突歷程中的可能功能則較少受到探討。本研究目的有二：（一）從子女角度驗證可區分為雙向度的親子信任構念，其中，認知信任來自對父母能力的評價；情感信任則來自與父母互動累積的情誼。（二）在親子衝突脈絡下，針對不同衝突議題與對象，探討兩種信任在親子互動效果上的差異。為達成上述目的共進行兩個獨立研究。研究一以207位大學生對自編的親子認知與情感信任量表進行信、效度驗證。研究二則在不同衝突議題脈絡下，探討218位大學生對父、母親的認知與情感信任在親子衝突反思傾向、同理父母兩種變項上的影響效果與差異。研究一結果顯示：不論測量題項設定的衝突對象為父親或母親、衝突議題為學業、交友或生活習慣，各版親子信任量表的探索性因素分析皆清楚獲得二因素結構，且各版認知、情感信任分量表均具良好的內部一致性信度。研究二的結構方程模型分析結果顯示：大學生的認知與情感信任對同理父母與親子衝突反思傾向皆具正向的影響，但其影響強度隨衝突議題與對象不同而有差異。此外，兩研究的分析結果皆顯示：情感信任在親子互動上的影響力較具跨情境一致性。整體而言，上述發現有助於親子信任概念在代間互動議題上的應用。

Trust is a vital indicator of the parent-child relationship quality. However, the dimensional structure of trust and its potential functions in the parent-child conflict situations have less been investigated. The purpose of this research was two-fold. First, it aimed to verify the proposed two-dimensional concept of trust, cognition- and affect-based trust. Considering the research focus on the children's side in intergenerational interaction context, cognition-based trust is rooted in the perception of parents' competences, and affect-based trust the accumulated fondness for parents. Second, it attempted to compare the functions of these two dimensions of trust in different parent-child conflict situations, including different types of conflict issue and different conflict dyads. To achieve the purposes above, two independent studies were conducted. Study 1 verified the two-dimension (cognition- and affection based) “parent-child trust scale” developed by this research which was measured with 3 different situational cues (i.e., conflict issues) in the fatherand mother-child conflict respectively, using data from 207 undergraduate students. Study 2 explored the functions of children's cognition- and affect-based trust toward parents on their reflective thinking and empathy to parents in the conflict context, using data from another sample of 218 undergraduate students. The results in Study 1 found that the “parent-child trust scale” had a stable two-factor solution and a great internal consistency reliability of each subscale, no matter the children's trust was measured towards father or mother and measured towards the conflict issues about children's academic performance, interpersonal relationship or life habits. The SEM results in Study 2 showed that Children's cognition- and affect-based trust towards their parents had positive associations with reflective thinking and empathy to parents in the conflict context. However, the strength of associations varied with both the type of issues and the targets with whom the children interact in the conflict context. Additionally, the results from both studies steadily showed that the effects of affection-based trust on parent-child interaction manifested much higher cross-situational consistency than the effects of cognition-based trust. In sum, the above findings may contribute to the application of trust concept in parent-child interactions.