費力控制與HEXACO性格向度對青少年內化與外化問題行為之預測效果

Effects of Effortful Contorl and HEXACO Personality Traits on Adolescents' Internalizing and Externalizing Problem Behaviors

本研究的目的乃檢驗費力控與HEXACO性格向度制對青少年的內外化問題行為的預測效果。具體的研究問題有二項：（一）費力控制與HEXACO性格對內外化問題行為之直接效果，及（二）費力控制在HEXACO性格對內外化問題行為之作用的調節效果。本研究以連續兩年追蹤1,375位國中與高職生，並分別在第一年以初期青少年氣質量表來測量青少年的費力控制，以HEXACO性格量表來測量六種性格向度，在第一與二年以青少年自陳報告來測量青少年的內化與外化問題行為。在資料分析上，先以相關分析來檢驗費力控制及HEXACO性格向度與內化與外化問題行為的關連性，再以階層式多元迴歸分析來檢驗費力控制與HEXACO性格向度對內化與外化問題行為的直接與調節效果。綜合所有的結果顯示，外向性同時對第一年與第二年的焦慮／憂鬱與社會退縮有降低的效果，和悅性與費力控制對第一年與第二年的的攻擊行為及違反規定有降低的效果。此外，誠實／謙遜僅對第一年的四種內外化問題行為有降低的效果。最後，就費力控制的調節效果而言，則出現在外向性與情緒性對第一年焦慮／憂鬱，以及誠實／謙遜對第一年攻擊行為與違反規定之預測效果上。在討論中，針對費力控制與HEXACO性格向度對內化與外化問題行為的直接與調節效果之心理病理意義進行深入的論述，同時也就實務工作的意義做了說明。

This study examined the direct and moderated effects of effortful control (EC) and HEXACO personality traits on internalizing problem behaviors (IPB) and externalizing problem behaviors (EPBs) in Taiwanese adolescents. This study investigated two concrete research questions: Do EC and HEXACO personality traits have any direct effects on IPBs and EPBs? Does EC moderate the influence of HEXACO personality t raits on IPBs and EPBs? Two-year follow-up research was conducted with 1,375 adolescents, ages 13 and 16. In the first year (T1), the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire and HEXACO-PI-R were the main instruments used to measure adolescents' EC and personality dimensions. In the first and second years (T1 and T2), the Youth Self-Report was employed to measure adolescents' IPBs and EPBs. All the research predictions were tested through correlation analyses and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results showed that emotionality and extraversion directly affected the IPBs, while honesty/humility, agreeableness, and EC directly affected EPBs. EC moderated the impact of extraversion and emotionality on T1 anxiety and of honesty/humility on T1 aggression and T1 rule breaking. The psychopathological and practical implications of EC and HEXACO personality traits are discussed.