少數族群之族群認同與個人整體自尊的關係：以卑南族青少年為例

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ETHNIC IDENTITY AND GLOBAL SELF-ESTEEM OF MINORITY GROUP: A STUDY ON PUYUMA ADOLESCENTS

在台灣社會的客觀情勢中，原住民族群被多數人貶為低地位團體，然而卻還是有不少原住民對自己的族群保持強烈的認同。根據一些社會學與心理學的理論觀點，會讓人推斷少數族群的成員應該有較低的自尊，但實徵研究的證據並非如此。本研究嘗試建立一個描繪少數族群成員的族群認同與個人整體自尊及其相關心理機制之關係的徑路模式，以解釋上述的現象。本研究的受試樣本為346位12-18歲的卑南族青少年，以其受測所得的族群認同經過因素分析，可得到族群態度、族群表徵及反族群認同三個因素。本研究以徑路分析來檢證二個假設的徑路模式，其一認為高族群認同者，透過三種保護策略維護正向個人整體自尊。其二認為高族群認同就直接正向地影響個人整體自尊。結果發現：（1）卑南族青少年之價值觀的認定會增強其族群認同；（2）族群認同的高低會直接影響到卑南族青少年的個人整體自尊；（3）卑南族青少年的個人整體自尊不是團體內比較後的結果，而是影響團體內比較傾向的原因；（4）族群認同較高的卑南族青少年比較會從事團體內比較，但其動機不是保護自尊。本研究的結果提示，少數族群的自尊不會比優勢族群低，肯定自我族群的價值，進而認同本族群是維持個人整體自尊的一個重要因素。

Some sociological and psychological theories strongly predict that minority group members should have lower self-esteem. However, little empirical evidence has been found to support these theories when minority groups were studied in Western societies like United States. In Taiwan, where social status is predominantly differentiated with capitalism values, aboriginal groups are considered of lower status in many aspects. Three hundred forty-six Puyuma adolescents, aged 12 to 28 participated in our study on global self-esteem and its related factors. Results replicated those of Western societies: despite their low social-status, their global self-esteem was not lower than that of Taiwanese majority. Two contrasting models of the relationship among the measured variables were compared by means of path analysis. According to the statistically accepted model, the strength of identification with their own ethnic group is the main force boosting minority members' global self-esteem. Their strength of ethnic identity was indexed by three components: favorable attitudes toward their own ethnic group; involvement in the ethnic group's traditional activities; and not hiding ethnic identity in the public.