整體診斷性與複雜度對物體辨識之影響

The Effect of Global Diagnosticity and Complexity on Object Recognition

物體辨識研究的文獻一直嘗試解答何以人類的辨識表現可以如此有效率（Biederman, 1987），然而過去研究往往將解答此問題之努力集中於物體的表徵應採取何種特定型態這個議題，卻忽略不同空間解析度的物體表徵對物體辯識所產生的不等程度貢獻，本研究因而探討物體的整體表徵對辨識之影響，亦即整體診斷性。本研究認為物體辨識機制會優先處理整體表徵，因而造成高整體診斷性物體較低整體診斷性物體容易辨認。另外，複雜度對辨認的影響亦在研究中加以探討。三個實驗的結果發現，整體診斷性以及複雜度對快速呈現且受後向遮蔽物體的唸名表現產生系統性之影響。高整體診斷性（GD）物體的辨認比低整體診斷性（GN）物體為快且正確（實驗一至三），GN物體之辨認比GD物體更容易受呈現時間（實驗二）位置不確定性及呈現位置（實驗三）之影響。除此之外，GD物體的反應時間資料及GN物體的錯誤率資料皆發現U型的複雜度效果（實驗一至三）。文中並探討這些結果對物體辨識模型及以物體刺激為材料之研究的意義。

A fundamental question for models of object recognition is why human recognition can be so efficient (Biederman, 1987). To clarify this question, research endeavors in the past have focused on the specific format of object representation, while overlooking the differential contributions that different levels (in terms of spatial scales) of object representation make. In the current study we looked into the contribution of global representation on the recognition of an object, i.e., global diagnosticity. It is suggested that global representation is prioritized by the recognition mechanism for a number of reasons and that objects high in global diagnosticity are easier to recognize than objects low in global diagnosticity. In addition, the effect of complexity on recognition was examined. Results of three experiments indicate that both global diagnosticity and complexity affected the naming performance of briefly-exposed and backward-masked objects in systematic ways. Globally diagnostic (GD) objects were recognized faster and more accurately than globally non-diagnostic (GN) ones (Experiment 1-3). Recognition of GN objects was found to be more susceptible than GD objects due to manipulation by the duration of exposure (Experiment 2), as well as location uncertainty and presentation location (Experiment 3). U-shaped complexity effects were further found in the RT data of GD objects and the error rate data of GN objects (Experiment 1-3). Implications for models of object recognition and researches adopting object stimuli were also discussed.