結構映射對文章記憶的作用

EFFECTS OF STRUCTURE MAPPING AND SUGGESTION ON TEXT MEMORY

本文探討文章閱讀過程中類比推理結構映射與類似成分對閱讀理解的影響。實驗一探討先後閱讀的基礎文章與目標文章的結構與命題的共同性對目標文章的遷移效果。結果發現，前後閱讀文章的結構相似對目標文章的保持有顯著的促進作用，命題相似的促進作用不顯著。實驗二進一步探討在基礎文章與目標文章結構或命題有共同性的情況下，啟發與否對目標文章的資訊保持的影響作用。結果發現在兩種情況下，啟發對目標文章資訊的保持均有顯著的促進作用。本研究結果初步顯示，結構映射的類比推理過程與類似成分的重複過程都促進文章閱讀保持的遷移。

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the Gentner(1983) theory of structure mapping in the context of text memory. Experiment I examined effects of text-structure similarity and proposition commonality between base and target texts on retention of target texts. Results showed a significant effect of text-structure similarity but an insignificant effect of proposition commonality on retention of target texts. In Experiment 2, participants were either indicated or not indicated with text-structure similarity or proposition commonality between base and target texts before reading target texts. Results showed effects of suggestion on retention of target texts. These results are discussed with respect to both text comprehension and retention.