同質團體與異質團體在選擇量表量尺語詞上的比較研究

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SCALE DESCRIPTOR SELECTION: HETEROGENEOUS GROUP VS. HOMOGENEOUS GROUP

為了要瞭解不同性質的團體在量表量尺語詞方面選擇的差異，本研究以156位來自全省各大醫院的醫療使用者（稱為異質團體）及149位來自台灣大學修習普通心理學的各學院學生（稱為同質團體）為受訪對象。每位受訪者需對四大類型共80個不間的量尺語詞，包括17個「能力」語詞、22個「頻率」語詞、23個「強度」語詞、及18個「評估」語詞，在一條10公分的線段上，參考由專家先前決定的兩個端點用詞後，標出該詞的相對程度。研究者在參考各類型量尺語詞的平均數、標準差、中數等標準後，對各類型量尺選出三個中間的語詞，以對各類型語詞建立五點量尺。比較兩個不同團體的結果發現，不同團體在量表量尺語詞方面的解釋的確有差異，除了在選擇語詞方面不同外，同質團體的看法較一致且較具開放性，另外，同質團體對模糊或不確定的語詞看法較不一致，而異質團體則對極端語詞的看法較不一致。研究還發現相同副詞配合不同類別語詞的平均數並不相同，除此之外，除了某些比較模糊的副詞外，量尺語詞一般還算具有對稱性。本研究結果可提供社會及行為科學研究者在使用量表為研究工具時的參考。

The purpose of this study is to compare the differences between heterogeneous and homogeneous groups on scale descriptor selection. Four types of response scales (capacity, frequency, intensity, and evaluation) including 80 different descriptors were used in a questionnaire. One hundred and fifty-six health service users (heterogeneous group) and 149 students of National Taiwan University (homogeneous group) were asked to place each of the 80 descriptors on a 10 centimeter line according to where they think each descriptor lies in relation to the two pre-specified anchors. Results showed that different groups have different judgments on scale descriptor selection. The subjects of homogeneous group had more consistent and open views on scale descriptor selection. However, they had more inconsistent opinions on more vague and uncertain descriptors, while the subjects of heterogeneous group had more inconsistent opinions on more extreme descriptors. Moreover, the averages for the same adverb but with different scale descriptors were different. The results are useful for the social and behavioral science researchers who use response scales as instruments in their studies.