意識與無意識記憶的分離：「測驗後」分離法

A POST-TEST DISSOCIATION PROCEDURE FOR SEPARATING CONSCIOUS FROM UNCONSCIOUS MEMORY IN CONVENTIONAL IMPLICIT TESTS

本文提出一個「測驗後分離」程序，用來分離傳統隱示測驗的意識與無意識記憶。此程序是在一個隱示測驗之後，要求受試者對每一反應字判斷是否是練習階段出現過的字；如果是，則標示出來。意識與無意識記憶的估計是基於練習字被標示與未被標示的部分。估計的公式去除「猜測」的作用以及去除在反應之後才認得的部分，因此剩下的部分是影響測驗反應的意識與無意識的記憶。

A memory-dissociation procedure is proposed for separating conscious from unconscious memory in conventional implicit tests. The procedure is administered immediately after completion of a test by requiring participants to indicate response words that were known as studied words. Estimation of conscious and unconscious memory is based on the proportion of studied words that were indicated and that were not indicated. Equations are formulated to estimate memory that contributes to test performance, without being contaminated by chance guessing and by memory that is irrelevant to repetition priming.