回饋取向與工作複雜度對工作績效及工作滿足感之影響

THE EFFECTS OF FEEDBACK SIGN AND TASK COMPLEXITY ON JOB PERFORMANCES AND JOB SATISFACTION

本研究之目的在探究回饋取向（正向、負向、正負向皆有、標準回饋、及無回饋）與工作複雜度（高、低）對工作績效及工作滿足感的影響。共有224名受試者被隨機分派至5（回饋取向）×2（工作複雜度）的實驗情境中以完成20局的工作。每一局各有20次高或低複雜度的偵測－－判定工作。每一局作答完畢由電腦給予受試者不同的回饋處理。結果顯示有接受回饋者，不論是何種取向，其工作速度都比完全沒有回饋的受試者顯著增快。但是接受負向回饋者的正確次數卻較低，且負向回饋組的工作滿足感明顯比其他組低。而在受試者對他們自己工作表現的自我評估方面，無論是反應時間或是反應正確次數，接受負向回饋組的自我評估都比其他組較接近其真實的表現。至於工作複雜度則只對反應時間有影響，在反應的正確次數上則沒有差異。亦即工作複雜度的增加，只是造成反應時間的增長而已。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of feedback sign (positive, negative, positive + negative, standard, vs. no feedback) and task complexity (high, vs. low) on job performance and job satisfaction. Two hundred and twenty-four subjects were randomly assigned to 5 (feedback) x 2 (task complexity) experimental conditions to complete 20 work sessions. Each work session consisted of 20 detection-decision tasks of different complexity. After each session, relevant feedback was delivered by the computer. Results showed that subjects' working speed was significantly shortened by all four types of feedback, regardless of sign manipulation. However, subjects' performance accuracy decreased when there was sign of negative feedback. Negative feedback also tended to lower subjects' job satisfaction. It was found nonetheless that subjects receiving negative feedback were able to assess their working speed and accuracy more accurately than subjects in other feedback sign conditions. Task complexity was found to affect working speed, but had no effects on performance accuracy. Greater task complexity was compensated by longer response time.