以法規基礎探討消防組織生態──新屋保齡球館火災為案例

Organizational Ecology for Fire Protection Based on Regulations - Fire Case of Xinwu Bowling Alley

約1994年前後，因幾次單一災害事故致民眾傷亡人數高居不下，催生了內政部消防署。然多年來消防署組織迭有變革，為探討消防組織制度的建立發展與任務執行是否有改善需要，在此嘗試以組織生態觀點來檢視之。本研究發現消防基層組織生態潛藏著生態位重疊特徵，而在近二十多年的組織發展與成長過程中，雖然救援能量有明顯提升，但是並未降低生態位重疊壓力。另一方面，消防組織生態位中，也因為經過完整科學與管理訓練族群太少，因而產生瓶頸效應，造成組織有頹敗的傾向。由於消防組織是法定的且有實際社會需要，因此，產生了組織封閉與求生現象，其反應在嚴重的組織保護與業務混雜等等。如以組織成長特性探討基層消防人員職能需求，除落實賦予消防專長職系外，建議增加災害防救行政與技術職系，以達成基層消防人員專業化與降低可能殉職人數為目的。

The National Fire Agency, Ministry of Interior was motivated because of the high number of casualties caused by several single disasters around 1994. However, over the years, the National Fire Agency has undergone a series of changes. To explore whether the establishment and development of the fire protection organization and implementation of tasks have improved, study is conducted to examine it from the perspective of organizational ecology. In this study, the niche overlap characteristics are found to be hidden inside the basic organizational ecology of the fire protection organization. In the process of organizational development and growth in the past two decades, although the rescue energy has improved significantly, the pressure because of niche overlap has not reduced. The bottleneck effect occurs in the niche of organizational ecology of the fire protection organization when fewer ethnic groups complete scientific and management training. Additionally, it may cause a decadent tendency in the organizations. Because the fire protection organization is statutory with actual social requirements, a phenomenon of organizational closure and survival seeking is presented as a response in situations such as serious organizational protection and mixed missions. If the functional requirements for basic firefighters are discussed in terms of characteristics of organizational growth, in addition to the implementation of the grades of professional specialty assigned to firefighters, it is recommended to add administrative and technical grades of professional specialty in disaster prevention to achieve the specialization of basic firefighters and reduce the number of possible deaths in the course of performing their duty.