台灣制憲與中國制憲──啟蒙與歷史的辯證

Constitutional Making in Taiwan and China: Dialectic of Enlightenment and History

1894年甲午戰爭，日本擊敗中國，中國被迫割讓台灣，中國知識分子上書清朝皇帝，請求變法和設立議會，台灣仕紳則與中國官員聯手，推動台灣民主建國。清朝變法維新，預備立憲，而後辛亥革命，建立民國，一度為台灣人所期待。台灣雖淪為日本殖民地，由日本學習到立憲主義，乃有台灣制憲與自治思想之萌芽。中國對日抗戰勝利後，台灣參與中國制憲，國共內戰，民國遷台，中國立憲主義傳統於是嫁接台灣，台灣則在對日民族解放運動的歷史經驗上，在中國憲法中實現了民主立憲。台灣民主化和中國未來的民主化，都有其各自憲政再造的需求，台灣民主國曾經在十九世紀末領先中國提出立憲主義國家的願景，今天，中華民國在台灣的憲政改革經驗，必然會對中國的制憲發揮重大的參考作用。

Although Taiwan became a Japanese colony, Taiwanese learned constitutionalism from Japan and germinate the thoughts of Taiwan's constitutionalism and autonomy. After China's victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan, Taiwan participated in China's constitution-making. During to the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Republic of China moved to Taiwan, and the Chinese constitutional tradition was grafted to Taiwan. In its historical experience of the national liberation movement against Japan, Taiwan realized democracy and constitutionalism which was stipulated in the Chinese Constitution. Taiwan's democratization and China's future democratization need to be reengineered again based on their constitutions respectively. In fact, before China's constitution-making, the Republic of Formosa had already proposed the vision of building a constitutionalist country in the late 19th century. Today, the experience of the Republic of China's constitutional reform on Taiwan will inevitably play a major role in leading China's constitution-making.