愛爾蘭兩部憲法的歷史進程

The Historical Process of the Two Constitutions in Ireland

愛爾蘭在1922年以及1937年各有一部憲法。1922年是在愛爾蘭自由邦的身份下，制定了一部充滿英國印記的「愛爾蘭自由邦憲法」。從1922年到1937年的15年間，愛爾蘭逐漸擺脫自由邦憲法中的英國元素，制定了新的憲法。一直到1948年的「愛爾蘭共和國法案」才中止了英國作為愛爾蘭代理人的表徵。這篇論文從這兩部憲法成長的歷史進程，以及其所代表的特殊含義，分析被殖民國家在憲法制定過程中需承受的外力干擾，以及堅強國族認同所帶來的憲法改變。

Ireland had initiated constitutions in 1922 and 1937 respectively. In 1922, under the status of the Irish Free State, an Irish Free State Constitution was drawn up with full of British stamp. During the 15 years from 1922 to 1937, Ireland gradually got rid of the British elements of the Free State Constitution and formulated a new constitution. It was not until the 1948 Irish Republic Act was enacted that the British performed as the Irish agent was suspended. This article analyzes the historical process of these two constitutions, as well as the special meanings they represent. The author also analyzes the external pressure that the colonial countries have to bear in the constitution-making process, as well as the constitutional changes brought about by the strong national identity.