另類「職業」想像：張愛玲小說的「女結婚員」研究

Alternative Imagination of “Profession”: A Study of “Nyu-Jie-Hwen-Yuan” in Eileen Chang's Fictions

張愛玲（1920－1995）為中國現代文學享譽盛名的作家，不僅寫作風格與文學技巧獨樹一格，作品內容也經常探討近、現代社會新舊轉變之際的女性議題。「女結婚員」一詞為張愛玲小說所創，此一有趣而特殊的稱謂，本身具多重意涵。即使就淺層的詮釋，「女結婚員」是以婚姻作為謀生的職業或手段，此一觀點實也顛覆了自古以來，婚姻所強調的神聖性。本文以職業為發軔，先爬梳張愛玲小說中女性角色從事的職業內容，探討現代都市文明興起提供女性進入職場的契機，乃至涉入的危險性及能力的備受質疑，進而產生認同婚姻或選擇就業的衝突。其次，從家庭傳承的價值觀和符合社會期待的身體面向，論述女結婚員的形象及其文化意涵。

Eileen Chang (1920-1995), a famous writer of modern Chinese literature, is unique not just in her writing style and skills, but also in her topics focusing on women's issues within the transitional stage from the old to the new generation. She coined the term “Nyu-Jie-Hwen-Yuan” (女結婚員--literally, “female marriage worker”) in her fictions. Though this interesting and special title has multiple meanings, its most basic interpretation, meaning a woman who uses marriage as a profession or means to make a living, offends the traditional sanctity of marriage. This paper begins with an analysis of the professions of Chang's female characters to discuss the relationship between modern city and chances for women to have professions. It focuses on the possible dangers involved and competency issues, which may affect the female characters' subsequent choices between marriage and profession. Finally, by analyzing traditional family values and social expectations of the body, the paper discusses the images and cultural meanings of “Nyu-Jie-Hwen-Yuan”.