美國學生學習歷程縱貫性大數據系統P-20W的啟示與借鏡

ENLIGHTENMENT AND EXPERIENCE OF THE P-20W LONGITUDINAL BIG DATA SYSTEM OF AMERICAN STUDENTS' LEARNING PROCESS

建置教育大數據主要目的在於針對社會各界所關注的教育議題尋找影響學生學習成果的關鍵因素，以做為改善教育制度與教學現場問題、預測未來教育趨勢之參據，落實以「證據為本」的教育決策模式。本研究旨在探討如何建構和推動學生學習歷程的縱貫性教育大數據，爰美國建構P-20W縱貫性大數據系統多年並獲得豐碩成果，故以其為研究對象，蒐集相關法令及實際案例，採用文獻分析法進行探討和說明。研究發現P-20W是以改善學生學習成效為策略目標，建置學生自學齡前教育至就業的個人化歷程資料和教育研究為手段，擷取與分析足以有效達成策略目標的資訊，提供教育決策及改善教育現場問題參考。為落實該項策略並確保資料品質，投入資源並訂定相關法案，建構有利的環境和摒除可能的障礙，並輔以關鍵配套措施。本研究結合教育與資訊技術的角度，參考資訊系統規劃實務，從資料策略，確認教育需求與問題，建立資料治理結構與流程，到學生個資隱私、安全與保密，依序呈現並提出建議，以作為我國建置此類資料庫的參考。

The main purpose of constructing an educational database is to find the key factors that affect students' learning outcomes in view of the educational issues that are of great concern by all sectors of society, so as to improve the educational system and teaching site problems, to predict future educational trends, and to implement an educational decision-making mode that is ＂evidence-based＂. The purpose of this study is to explore how to construct and promote the longitudinal educational database of students' learning process. Since the United States has already obtained fruitful results from its construction of the P-20W longitudinal educational database, this study takes it as the research object, collects relevant laws and practical cases, and uses the document analysis approach to explore and explain the findings. This study notes that P-20W has taken a series of actions to achieve its strategic objective at improving students' learning effectiveness, which include building personal data on learning for each student from pre-school through workforce entry, capturing information sufficient to effectively achieve its strategic objective, analyzing and providing this information to help stakeholders make educational decisions, and improving problems in the classroom. To implement the strategy and ensure data quality, P-20W has invested a lot of resources, formulated relevant bills, set up a helpful environment, removed related barriers, and supported it with various activities. Based upon the perspective of education and information technology and referring to the planning practice of an information system, this study presents the research results through the sequence of working out data strategy, identifying the educational needs and problems, establishing data governance structure and processing, setting up privacy, security, and confidentiality policies and facilities for students' data, and finally proposing some suggestions as a reference for the establishment of such databases in Taiwan.