臺灣中小學教師工作滿意度之研究－－與其他職業做比較

A STUDY OF JOB SATISFACTION OF ELEMENTARY/SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN TAIWAN-- COMPARISON WITH OTHER OCCUPATIONS

研究目的：運用2005年「臺灣社會變遷基本調查」（五期一次）問卷二「工作與生活」（n＝2147）資料，對不同職業比較工作滿意度，探討臺灣中小學教師的工作滿意度高低，並探究造成臺灣中小學教師工作滿意度與其他職業差異的因果機制。研究設計／方法／取徑：以迴歸方式進行工作滿意度的路徑分析，檢證相關假設，並試圖找出造成中小學教師工作滿意度高低的路徑。研究發現或結論：臺灣中小學教師的工作滿意度最高，除了與主管人員沒有顯著差異外，顯著高於其他所有職業：原因是中小學教師的現任機構年資偏高外，中小學教師最感到工作有意義、現工作有價值，有較高的工作前景評估、工作場所人際關係，較認為男女性擔任主管公平性、較低的裁員機會，這都有助於提高工作滿意度。研究原創性／價值：過去工作滿意度的研究，大多以單一職業（如教師、護理人員、基層警員……）為對象，少見同時對不同職業探討工作滿意度的研究。本研究將職業分成十類（中小學教師、主管人員、一般專業、半專業、事務工作、服務售貨、農林漁牧、技術、半技術、非技術工），以在臺灣很特別的中小學教師為對照組，與其他職業做比較，探討臺灣中小學教師的工作滿意度。研究發現，臺灣中小學教師的工作滿意度最高，只是與主管人員差異不顯著，這可能原因是中小學教師樣本不夠大（n＝67）。本研究除了採用過去對工作滿意度有影響的中介變項外，還將工作場所的「裁員機會」及「男女性擔任主管公平性」變項加入研究一起探討，研究中也證實中小學教師因較認為男女性擔任主管公平性與有較低的裁員機會，使得工作滿意度較高，這也提高了中小學教師對工作滿意度的解釋。

Purpose This study used statistical data (n=2147) from Questionnaire 2 “Jobs & Lives” of “The Primary Survey of Social Changes in Taiwan” (Occasion One, Period Five, 2005) to compare the job satisfaction of various occupations, in order to investigate the job satisfaction of elementary/secondary school teachers in Taiwan, and to probe into the mechanism leading to the differences in job satisfaction among elementary/secondary school teachers and other occupations. Design/methodology/approach This study performed regression/path analysis on job satisfaction, tested relevant hypotheses, and looked to find those paths affecting the job satisfaction of elementary/secondary school teachers. Findings The job satisfaction of elementary/secondary school teachers in Taiwan was the highest. While their job satisfaction was not significantly different from that of managers, their job satisfaction was significantly higher than that of all the other occupations. The reason was that the seniority of elementary/secondary school teachers at current schools was relatively higher. In addition, elementary/secondary school teachers perceived the highest meaning and value from work, and their evaluation of job prospects was higher. In terms of interpersonal relationships at the workplace, they believed that there was a fair chance for males/females to become department heads and a lower layoff rate. All of the above are beneficial to the improvement of job satisfaction. Originality/value Previous studies on job satisfaction mainly enrolled single occupation workers (e.g. teachers, nursing personnel, and grassroots police officers) as the subjects, with a lack of studies investigating the job satisfaction of various occupations. This study divided occupations into ten categories (elementary/secondary school teachers, managers, general professionals, semi-professionals, affairs personnel, service and sales personnel, agriculture, forestry, fishery, and animal husbandry, workers, skilled, semi-skilled, and non-skilled workers) and used elementary/secondary school teachers, who make up a rather unique occupation in Taiwan, as the control group so as to compare them with other occupations and investigate their job satisfaction. This study found that the job satisfaction of elementary/secondary school teachers in Taiwan was the highest. However, it was not significantly different from that of managers. The reason might be that the sample size of elementary/secondary school teachers was not large enough (n= 67). In addition to using intervening variables that affect job satisfaction in the past, this study also included “layoff rate” and “a fair chance for males/females to become department heads” in the investigation. This study also verified that elementary/secondary school teachers believed in a fair chance for either gender to act as department heads, as well as a lower layoff rate. This offered an explanation for the higher job satisfaction of elementary/secondary school teachers.