低骨密之相關危險因子其性別差異探討──以某區域醫院健檢個案

Sex Differences in Risk Factors of Low Bone Density: A Study of Health Examination at a Regional Hospital

目的：本研究希望了解不同性別低骨密之危險因子是否存在差異，可做為未來介入措施之參考。方法：本研究為資料庫研究分析，研究對象為2011年到2016年北部某區域醫院自費體檢之個案，共3,708位納入研究。結果：在3,708位受檢者中，其中女性1,671位（45.1％），男性2,037位（54.9％）。平均年齡為44.9±11.3歲。符合本研究低骨密定義者（骨質密度T值小於-1），共有1,172位（31.61％）。控制相關變項後，邏輯斯迴歸分析結果顯示，在女性族群中：年齡較高（OR 1.09, 95％ CI 1.07－1.10）、身體質量指數（BMI）較低（OR 0.83, 95％ CI 0.80－0.88）與低骨密有顯著相關性，在男性族群中：年齡較高（OR 1.05, 95％ CI 1.04－1.06）、BMI較低（OR 0.90, 95％ CI 0.87－0.93）、有喝酒（OR 1.30, 95％ CI 1.04－1.62）與低骨密有顯著相關性，而男性有高血壓病史則有較低的低骨密風險（OR 0.65, 95％ CI 0.48－0.87）。結論：本研究發現高齡、BMI較低及有喝酒習慣與男性低骨密有相關性，而有高血壓病史之男性則有較低的低骨密風險，建議應及早建立健康生活型態的養成，以減少骨質流失之風險。

Purpose: This study examined sexual differences in risk factors of osteoporosis to provide a reference for development of relevant intervention measures. Methods: Participants received self-paid health examinations at a regional hospital in northern Taiwan from 2011 to 2016. Results: Among the 3,708 participants, 1,671 were female (45.1%), and 2,037 were male (54.9%). The average age was 44.9±11.3 years, and 1,172 (31.6%) exhibited low bone density (T-score <-1.0). After all related variables had been controlled, a logistic regression analysis was conducted, yielding the following results: for the female participants, old age (odds ratio [OR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.10) and low body mass index (BMI; OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.80-0.88) were significantly correlated with low bone density; for the male participants, old age (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06), lower BMI (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.87-0.93), and habitual alcohol consumption (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04-1.62) were significantly correlated with low bone density; moreover, the male participants with a history of hypertension exhibited a lower risk of low bone density than did those without (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.48-0.87). Conclusion:Old age, lower BMI, and habitual alcohol consumption were correlated with low bone density among the male participants, whereas those with a history of hypertension exhibited a lower risk of low bone density than did those without. Adults are recommended to establish healthy lifestyles as early as possible to reduce the risk of osteopenia.