設想台灣人的華語語系觀點：關於「中國」和「共同體」的提問

Envisioning Taiwanese Sinophone: Some Reflections on “Chineseness” and “Community”

本文寫作的主要企圖為思考台灣文學與文化研究在面對晚近興起的華語語系研究時，可能的知識立場與介入角度。一方面，華語語系論者對於「中國／性」的重新界定、評估固然與本土論的台灣文學史觀頗為契合，而有相互闡連的可能；但另一方面，作為發軔於北美學術場域的理論，華語語系的概念未必可以完全適用於台灣的現實，而這一縫隙也就是在地學者參與辯論的切入點。本文首先衡量後殖民派的華語語系和台灣研究者將「中國」二元對立化的洞見與不見，而與此相對地，藉由連結王德威後遺民視野的華語語系論述，及其所謂「衍生的美學」，本文提出「衍生的中國」，嘗試更複雜化華語語系文學展現的身分與風格問題。再者則借用陳培豐對於中國文化在一個名為「台灣」的詮釋共同體內部其之受容現象所做的發人深省的分析，加以思考台灣所體現的華語語系文化，它吸收、重新組構中國性的非身分政治的方法。而最後，本文援用當代義大利思想家阿岡本從「獨一」（singularity）與「任何」（whatever）彼此曝現（expose），而非代現（represent），的角度所展開的共同體思考，期待能夠更激進化王德威與陳培豐的提案，真正締造一個本體內建著複數，而同時具反身性的「台灣．華語語系」共同體。

This paper seeks to reflect upon the many possibilities to approach Taiwanese literature and culture under the development of Sinophone studies. On the one hand, since Sinophone studies attempts to reevaluate the multiple discourses on “Chineseness,” it allows many Taiwan scholars to reevaluate the relationship between Taiwan and China while redefining what is “Taiwanese identity.” On the other hand, Sinophone studies, as a concept evolving in the academic field in North America, may not be an applicable concept while it is adopted in the study of Taiwan. How applicable is the Sinophone paradigm in the study of Taiwan has yielded much scholarly debate. This paper attempts to engage into this discussion through evaluating the blindness and insights shown in works advocating Sinophone studies and those promoting localism in Taiwan. Inspired by David Der-wei Wang's Sinophone discourse and his “post-loyalism,” this paper proposes the concept of “derivative China” which complicates the numerous identities and styles found in Sinophone narratives. This paper also seeks to probe into the concept of “Taiwanese interpretative community” coined by Pei-fong Chen, which is closely related to the transmissions and transformations of “Chinesness” in Taiwan. An investigation of this concept allows us to expand our understanding on Sinophone culture in this island where serial colonialism occurred. Furthermore, this paper would borrow Italian theorist Giorgio Agamben's thoughts about “community” in order to envision a more radical Taiwanese Sinophone. Building in particular on the basis of Agamben's elaborations on “singularity” and “whatever,” this paper proposes that Taiwanese Sinophone community should view the relationships between different identities as “exposure” rather than “representation.” Only in this sense, Taiwanese Sinophone community would indeed be a community that embraces plurality and reflexivity.