2017年至2018年社會法發展回顧

Develepments in the Law in 2017-2018: Social Law

本文以社會法體系配合相關公法議題，回顧2017年至2018年間社會法領域最引人關注的立法動態與憲法解釋。關於此段期間之立法動態，最具爭議性者，即軍公教年金改革相關立法與修法，本文將簡要說明其所引發之憲法爭議，包括是否侵害財產權、是否違反法律不溯及既往與信賴保護原則，以及轉型正義議題與社會法的關連性。在憲法解釋方面，本文將介紹與評析社會法領域釋字第753號、第766號及第767號等三則解釋，其分別涉及全民健康保險法、國民年金法與藥害救濟法。在這三號解釋中，社會補償概念以及人民健康權之保障首次獲得憲法解釋的肯認，大法官並於個案中明確表示法律保留原則、法律明確性原則、法律授權明確性與比例原則於社會法領域應採取之審查基準。而隨著社會補償概念逐漸確立，以及2016年政黨輪替後陸續通過多項轉型正義立法，本文亦將重新檢視我國學說向來將二二八事件賠償條例與戒嚴時期不當叛亂暨匪諜審判案件補償條例歸類為社會補償制度的見解，從轉型正義的角度作簡要評析。透過學理發展與憲法解釋的累積，我國社會法之學理發展早已不只停留在繼受外國法階段，而是逐漸在臺灣的憲法價值與法律制度發展脈絡下生根。

On the basis of social law system with the view of public law, this article focuses on the developments of legislations and constitutional jurisprudence of the social law from 2017 to 2018. Regarding to the legislative developments, the most controversial issue was the pension reform implemented by the acts of the occupational pension schemes for civil servants, military personnel and public school teachers. The constitutional issues arising from this reform, such as deprivation of property, violence of non-retrospection principles of law and protection of legitimate expectation will be mentioned. The pension reform in the context of transitional justice will be also explained. Furthermore, this article is conducted to analysis the Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 753, 766 and 767 in which the constitutionality of regulations in field of the National Health Insurance Act, National Pension Act, and Drug Injured Relief Act was examined. The Grand Justices not only recognized the right to health and the category of social compensation under the social law, but also disclosed the scrutiny standard of principle of legal reservation, principle of clarity and definiteness of law, principle of clarity and definiteness of legislative authorization, and principle of proportionality in case of social law. With the establishment of the notion of social compensation and the new legislations tackling the problems of transitional justice after the party alternation in 2016, this article will also review and comment on the argument that defines the monetary benefits provided by the February 28 Incident Disposition and Compensation Act and the Compensation Act for Wrongful Trials on Charges of Sedition and Spionage During the Martial Law Period as a social compensation instrument in field of social law. With the development of the legal doctrines and constitutional jurisprudence, the social law in Taiwan is no more confined to adoption of foreign legal theories and legislatives, but has its roots in our constitutional values and legal systems.