國際法治下跨國公司問責機制探究——兼評國家中心責任模式的有限性

Corporations under International Rule of Law–Comment on the Limitations of State-Centric Responsibility Model

跨國公司人權環境損害的問責機制是全球治理的焦點之一。跨國公司在投資貿易中獲得的權利、利益與其在國際法下承擔的義務、責任不符。跨國公司通常利用發展中國家治理薄弱及其複雜結構和獨立法人制度逃避法律責任，使得受害者難以獲得司法或司法外救濟。本文分析和批判了傳統國際法下的國家中心責任模式的不足，並將企業社會責任理論納入國際法治框架，結合最新國際實踐和建構性解釋，探尋跨國公司直接責任是否存在及何以建立的問題。 The accountability mechanism for the human rights abuses and environmental damage of transnational corporations is one of the core issues of global governance. The rights and interests of transnational corporations in investment and trade are inconsistent with their obligations and responsibilities under international law. Transnational corporations often take advantage of the weak governance in developing countries as well as their complex structure and independent legal personality to evade legal responsibilities, making it difficult for victims to obtain effective judicial or extrajudicial remedies. This paper analyzes and criticizes the shortcomings of state-centric responsibility model in traditional international law, and incorporates the theory of corporate social responsibility into international rule of law, combined with latest international practice and constructive interpretations, aiming to explore the existence and the establishment of direct responsibilities of transnational corporations.