警察存取預防性資料之職權與個人資料保護：以監視器之運作模式為例

The Authority of Police to Access Precautionary Data and Personal Data Protection: Using the Operation Mode of Surveillance Camera as an Example

國家面對風險社會中潛在的眾多不確定情況，在正向運用科技所帶來的影響與成果的同時，亦需思索將其可能招致之負面效應，有效防範風險轉變為實害。「預防」係基於維護公共安全、秩序之考量，在危害尚未發生，但可預期將對權利或法益造成損害或減損的事實狀態，即採行前置準備之行為，警察法中看似行之有年而相安無事之預防性干預措施，隨著警察在預防不法任務執行上職權之擴張，被賦予更高的期待，其中以資料之蒐集、處理及利用，作為預防任務履行之手段者，所在多有，若由個人資料保護之觀點觀察，其實有干預、甚至剝奪人民憲法上自由與權利之高度可能性，不得不慎。就此，本文欲聚焦於我國現行於公共場所設置與運用固定式監視器之法律規範，並以德國相關法制為借鏡，針對監視器「預先」取得資料之後續處理及利用，可能衍伸之爭議及其應遵循之法制框架，進行探究與解析，提出個人之觀察與建議，希望得提供未來法制興革之參考。 When a state faces numerous potential and unpredictable circumstances in a risk society, while positively utilizing the impacts and outcomes of technology, the state also needs to consider the possible negative effect of technology, and effectively prevents potential risks turning into actual harms. The word ＂precaution＂ is the factual state when proactive measure is taken to protect public safety and order before substantive harms occur, and when the point of anticipation of harms or impairment to rights or legal interest is imminent. The precautionary interference measure embedded in relevant police laws and regulations of Taiwan seems to have been long-established and uncontested. However, as the authority of police expands when carrying out its course of duty, the expectation of the role played by the precautionary interference measures in the relevant police laws and regulations of Taiwan has been raised. In many cases, data is collected, processed and utilized for the purpose of precautionary measures. From protecting people's personal data point of view, caution should be taken, because these precautionary measures have likely intervened or even deprived the people's freedom and rights set out in the Constitution of Taiwan. Therefore, this research will focus on the regulation of the installment and application of stationary surveillance camera in public. Furthermore, this research will draw experience from relevant German regulations, focusing on the analysis and inquiry of possible derivative disputes and legal framework which should be followed when dealing with the issue of the aftermath process and usage of the surveillance footage retrieved in advance. This research will provide personal observations and suggestions on the issue of the police authority to access precautionary data and personal data protection, in hope to provide some reference to the future reformation of the legal framework in Taiwan.