鋼構建築物貨車停車空間火災模擬初探

A Study on Fire Simulation of Truck Parking Space in a Steel Structure Building

在台灣多數工廠構造方式均為鋼構造，然而部分廠房多以自動化方式生產，在廠房中的工作人員數量相對不多，是否仍須完全依法設置對應的防火時效值得探討。本研究即是以某鋼鐵業廠房為例，由於該廠房需求特殊，廠房中所堆放之物品為不可燃物質，唯一可燃物即為進出搬運貨品的貨車，因此本文將探討鋼構造廠房中貨車燃燒的火災模擬，據以理解火災產生的溫度以及對鋼構造的破壞情形。模擬結果顯示，在49個鋼構架之火場溫度測點中無任何測點大於550°C。柱構架平均溫與最高溫均遠小於CNS 12514之標準（ASTM E119最大容許溫度為538°C），樓板構架亦未超過規範標準，故評估該鋼構架無崩塌之疑慮。但不同空間形式仍需個案分別討論，無法證實本模擬結果可適用於其他建築物。

Most of the factories in Taiwan have a steel structure; however, a part of the factories do their manufacturing with automatic processing and the amount of workers in the factories conversely is not a good number. Whether fire rating settings are set according to laws and regulations is a topic worth discussing. This research takes a steel-structured factory as an example, and the factory demand is special because the goods stacked in the factory are non-combustible materials; however the only combustible material is the truck which transports the goods. Thus, this paper will discuss the fire simulation of a truck burning in the steel structure building in order to make the temperature of a fire and its destruction to the steel structure understood. The simulation results indicates that there are not any temperature testing points with steel structures higher than 550°C out of the 49 in the fire scene(42 measure points on column, 7 measure points on ceiling, totally 49 measure points). The average temperature and the maximum are both far lower than the standard of CNS 12514(ASTM E119, the maximum permissible temperature is 538°C). The floor framing does not cross the standard, thus, it is assessed that the steel frame is not prone to collapse; however, it needs to be discussed case by case according to different space forms, which cannot be verified that the simulation result being able to adapted to other buildings.