有關台灣公私部門推動無障礙環境的歷史沿革

Evolution of the Public and the Private Sector for Enforcing Barrier-Free Environment in Taiwan

The thoughts of “Normalization” and “Main stream” make barrier free environment to become a world-wide topic. Barrier-free environment is the realization of human space, mainly to ensure human being the right of movement. For coming into aging society, how to upgrade the quality of living environment, humanized and be user-friendly for everyone, is an important task in Taiwan. There are four purposes of this paper: (1) To feedback the evolution of legislation and policy-developmental process of public sector such as governmental regulations about barrier-free environment in Taiwan; (2) To look back the movements and actions of Non-Profit-Organization for trying to carry out the concepts of barrier-free environment; (3) To review the tendency and development of academic fields to advocate the concepts of barrier-free environment; (4) To track the responses and reactions of private sectors, such as housing enterprises and building industry. Finally, we conclude the functions and roles that the public sector, NPO, academia and the private sector act for Taiwan promote barrier-free environment. It is the same as various countries, which of legislation include ordinance or Law was adopted by Taiwan public sector to enact barrier-free environment. And the dimension which legislation concerned is gradually extended from “spot” (public places) to “line” (transportation) and “all area” (community development). Academics held conferences or workshops for applying UD concept to reform accessible and affordable housing for all. The NPO groups advocate more actively advocate and have many varieties of movements for fulfilling barrier-free environment. The housing enterprises and building industry are still unfamiliar with barrier-free environment, and fall behind what the society demands. In the end, we have conclusions as following: (1) the central and local government should be more active to promote the barrier-free environment to the general public; (2) To implement barrier-free environment is an interdisciplinary work, government should let the enterprises, NPO groups and academia collaborate to fulfill the realization of barrier-free living environment; (3) For ensuring basic humans, we should enlarge the territory of barrier-free environment to welfare and health levels, to form a good quality living environment. 「正常化」、「回歸社會主流」的福祉思潮促使建構「無障礙環境」成為世界共同的課題。「無障礙環境」是一種人性化空間的實現，主要在確保身為人類的「移動權」，讓所有的人能共同參與社會活動。面對高齡化社會的來臨，如何提昇生活環境的品質，建構一個人性化和友善的環境是重要的社會議題。有關無障礙環境的落實與推動需要政府公部門、民間NPO團體組織、學術研發範疇及私部門住宅營建產業等的協力配合。故此篇論文有四大目的：（1）回顧台灣公部門中央及縣市政府有關無障礙環境法制及設計規範的發歷程；（2）整理有關NPO非營利組織在實獻及推動無障礙理念的活動及策略；（3）檢視學術研究範疇在宣導及教育無障礙環境理念的發展趨勢；（4）探討私部門如住宅企業及營造產業的實質回應與作法。最終研究結果顯示，近十年來台灣從推動「無障礙環境」慢慢轉換到「通用設計」。公私部門在角色、功能上如下：政府公部門負責制定法制規範及鼓勵誘導措施，法制的關連範圍逐漸從單一的「點」擴充到「線（交通運輸）」和「面（友善社區或都市）」；學術機構則時常舉辦研討會及實作體驗工作坊來推動「通用設計」的理念改；NPO組織不時舉辦設計競圖、活動或演講以喚醒社會大眾實現；另一方面「通用設計」，但在實質上扮演市場供給重要角色的住宅企業及營造產業卻對「無障礙環境」和「通用設計」仍頗陌生。