弘道與護學──從賀麟論王安石說到熊十力論張居正

Wang Linchuan and Zhang Jiangling: From He Lin's Discourses on Wang Anshi to Xiong Shili's Discourses on Zhang Juzheng

本文從中國知識人「經世致用」的志趣切入，敘述並分析了賀麟對王安石和熊十力對張居正的論說。指出熊、賀二人面對著波蕩的政局，以傳統語境中的異端人物王安石和張居正作為取證，盡可能地調適著「學”與「主義」、「改革」等實際政治需要的矛盾，嘗試在當權者面前為學術爭得位置。相較前賢，他們的努力有異有同，但都是不完全成功的。基於以上的思想史觀察，本文在最後簡單討論了這種權衡於學、政之間的論說在當代的表現與處境。 This essay studies modern Chinese philosophers He Lin and Xiong Shili. It examines He Lin's discourses on Wang Anshi and Xiong Shili's discourses on Zhang Juzheng from the angle of traditional Chinese intellectuals. I argue that both He and Xiong chose heresy characters in conventional context to develop their discourse, in order to deal with the tension between scholarly ideals and the real needs of politics such as ideology and reform, then to seek support from those holding power. There are differences and similarities between them and in contrast to former Confucians, such efforts paid by Lin and Xiong all proved to be unsatisfactory. The last part of this essay is to evaluate the performance of this kind of scholarly-political discourse and to examine their situation in modern times.