從他然到自然──道家工夫論的建立

From Taran to Ziran--The Establisment of Daoist Theory of Self Cultivation

道家喜言「自然」。處在自然狀態下的人，於物我之分別無有執取，故能與世俗處而不受現實個物相依相待之「他然」的限制，依其性份盡全其自己。本文以老莊之言為底本，論述道家從有條件的他然（不自然）狀態回歸自然之逍遙的工夫論要旨，並試由融貫的「道人合一」諸說，突顯道家實踐工夫「出世間而不離世間」的積極性，以貞定道家工夫論的建立模式。 Ziran (naturalness) is regarded as a central value in Daoism. People in natural state act without intention and thus work harmoniously with natural universe according to their own ways. Based on Laozi and Zhuangzi's words, this article discusses a possible way of returning to Ziran (original and unconventional state) from Taran (conditional and unnatural state). By emphasizing Daoist realistic practice which attain the state of naturalness while participating in the world, a model of Daoist Kungfu theory (theory of self cultivation) could be better established.