我國都市更新利益與分配正義之研究

A Study of Interests and Distributive Justice of Urban Renewal in Taiwan

文林苑事件之後，我國都市更新引起社會更多關切，我國社會得以重新檢視都市更新所涉及的利益與分配。本文以內容分析、文獻分析與深度訪談方法，檢視《都市更新條例》所涉及的利益類型，並釐清這些私利、公益的內涵及公益性；繼之以自由主義、功利主義、Rawls正義論與社群主義等觀點，探討都更之利益分配、分配正義等問題。研究結果顯示，我國都更法令確實給予都市更新較其他法令更多的私利，且都更私利有凌駕公益的現象；此外，都更之利益分配僅符合功利主義的馬歇爾效率、正義論中的機會均等原則，而無法完全滿足其他自由主義、功利主義（柏瑞多最適、凱多爾－希克斯準則）、正義論（平等自由、差異）與社群主義（多元、分配與複雜平等）等分配正義觀點。本文結果可提供我國未來《都市更新條例》修法之參考。 Due to the event of Wen Lin Yuan, urban renewal in Taiwan has drawn more attention. Accordingly, the society gets to examine the issues of interests and interest distribution involved in urban renewal. The study uses content analysis, literature review, and depth interview to review the Act of Urban Renewal to clarify the types and contents of private and public interests, and fairness of urban renewal. Moreover, it explores the problems of interest distribution and distributive justice based on the viewpoints of Liberalism, Utilitarianism, A theory of Justice, and Communitarianism. The research results indicate that the laws and regulations of urban renewal do provide more benefits to some private groups, and the private interests of urban renewal exceed public interests. In addition, the urban renewal in Taiwan is fully accordance with the principles of Utilitarianism and fair equality of opportunity, instead of the rests of Liberalism, Pareto optimum, Hicks-Kaldor Criterion, A theory of Justice (liberties, the difference principle) and Communitarianism. The study results offer a suggestion to the modification of the Act of Urban Renewal.