我國都市設計審議效能性與課責性之分析與改進

Analysis and Improvement of the Effectiveness and Accountability of the Urban Design Review System in Taiwan

都市設計審議為都市控制空間發展品質的重要治理工具。都市設計審議制度的建立補足了我國都市計畫管理及建築管理在城市空間發展治理系統上的縫隙。歷經三十五年來，已在各地累積豐富的運作經驗，審議制度的各項審議原則、設計準則及案例彙編日益完整。惟實施至今各界仍對於審議制度的效能性及課責性有諸多批判。本論文將從我國都市設計審議制度的發展歷程、執行現況與改進方向，從效能性及課責性分析現階段所遭遇的課題。此外，參酌先進國家發展經驗，本論文進一步提出我國都市設計審議制度未來的建議改進方向。具體而言，本論文根據分析結果，一方面提出「以專業簽證為基本架構，以個案審議為例外管理，以事後抽查維護簽證品質」的策略性制度改革架構，取代現行的「全面審議」制度，以提升審議制度運作的效率性；另一方面，提出「由全體委員組成設計準則制定委員會負責研擬設計準則」與「由行政機關代表組成設計準則執行委員會負責個案例外審議」的制度變革，以提升審議制度運作的效益性及課責性，降低非正式治理的不確定性。因應城市競爭力的改進需求，本研究之建議應可供未來地方政府健全都市發展管理系統之參考。 The urban design review system is an important governance instrument that cities can use to control the quality of spatial development. The urban design review system for Taiwan has filled the gap between urban planning and construction management in the governance system of urban spatial development. In the 35 years since it was first implemented, a lot of operation experience have been accumulated. Various principles and design criteria needed for the review of urban design and lots of case examples have been compiled gradually. However, the effectiveness and accountability of the review system have been criticized by practitioners. This study reviews the status and historic development of urban design review system in Taiwan and analyzes critical issues in terms of effectiveness and accountability. Additionally, the future improvements for better urban design review system are proposed. Based on the result of investigation, three strategic principles are proposed for the reform of review system such as ''taking professional authentication as the core of framework; case-review as an exception; and supplemented by adopting post-review to ensure the professional review quality'' system. The above system reforms are expected to improve the efficiency of the authentication system because not every case needs to go through a long way of complicated review process. To improve the system’s accountability and effectiveness, and to reduce uncertainties from informal rules, this study proposes review principles and design criteria that should be developed by all members in the design review committee, and exceptional cases are to be reviewed by the ''Design Criteria Executive Committee'' composed of administrative staffs. The solutions proposed in this paper should be helpful for improving development of urban spatial management and city competitiveness.