從休閒觀點探討博物館參與及非參與——以國立科學工藝博物館為例

Museum Participation and Non-Participation from the Perspective of LeisureA Case Study of National Science and Technology Museum

博物館在達成全民共有的使命以及面對競爭、經費壓力等多重原因之下，開始有創造適合全民參觀環境以及提升營運績效的需求。本文針對南部地區雲林縣、嘉義縣、台南市、高雄市及屏東縣共1,000民眾進行電話訪問，以了解科工館觀眾及非觀眾之特徵、休閒動機及非觀眾的參觀阻礙。結果發現科工館觀眾及非觀眾人口特徵有異質性，其重視的休閒動機雷同，但強度隨人口特徵改變。另非觀眾的參觀阻礙以結構性阻因為主，以阻礙分群後發現，多數非觀眾遭遇多重阻礙，且各集群之人口特徵有異質性。本文最後提出三個建議：需要更適合國內的休閒動機分析工具、以「訊息及可近性阻礙」與「最小阻礙」集群為主要非觀眾開發對象以及針對被排除的族群制定社會包容策略。 In order to achieve the mission of becoming a public property and deal with challenges of competition, funds, etc., museums have noticed the need to create friendly environment to everyone and improve operational performance. A survey was conducted to interview 1,000 residents of Yunlin County, Chiayi County, Tainan City, Kaohsiung City and Pingtung County in Southern Taiwan by telephone to investigate the characteristics and leisure motives of visitors and non-visitors, and visit constraints of non-visitors of National Science and Technology Museum (NSTM). The study found that though visitors and non-visitors are heterogeneous in demographic characteristics, they valued the same leisure motives at different extents. As for the constraints to visit NSTM, structural constraints were primary. Most non-visitors were found constrained by multiple constraints after a cluster analysis was performed. Heterogeneity in demographic characteristics was also found among clusters. Three suggestions were submitted: another tool to measure leisure motives feasible to the nation is necessary, developing “info and access-constrained” and “minimally-constrained” non-visitor clusters as the target object, and employing social inclusion strategies for excluded groups.