訴訟參與權與犯罪被害人保護的困境──由性別暴力犯罪談起

The Predicaments of the Protection of Victims' Rights: From the Perspective of Gender Violence Crime

受性別暴力案件本身特性以及被害人保護發展進程之影響，性別暴力犯罪被害人保護相關法制規定或零散各處、或疊床架屋、或付之闕如。本文首先以2017年司法改革國是會議中，犯罪被害人保護政策討論為脈絡進行梳理，發現在現行制度下，被害人參與刑事訴訟以及補償制度僅適用於性侵害案件，對性別暴力犯罪的被害人保護仍有不足。本文主張，在推動保護犯罪被害人相關法制時，應先釐清制度目的並認知性別暴力之同質性，重新審酌案件類型之限制是否得宜。以援助照顧制度為例，即便修法後，對親密關係下的暴力被害人仍無法進入相關法規的射程範圍，依舊缺乏保護。最後，修復式司法制度雖然能夠與保護犯罪被害人相輔相成，但在我國實務上，由於性別暴力案件需要高度專業，故有多個地檢署排除適用，形成學術見解與實務操作間的真空狀態，往後仍待進一步地探索與磨合。 For the characteristic of gendered violence itself and the historical background of protecting victim rights. The legal regulations about gendered violence victims protecting in Taiwan is scattered or superfluous or even lack of necessary regulations. This article attempts to organize relevant regulations and studies. Find out that in the gender violence crimes, sexual assault victims have the right to participate in the criminal proceedings, but are short of restorative justice researches. Comparatively, the regulations about domestic violence and intimate partner violence victims' protection is shortage, but there is more studies about restorative justice than sexual assault cases.