企業國際化與廠商優勢對經營績效影響之探討兼論經營能力之干擾－－以臺灣電子業為例

To Investigate the Influence of Internationalization of Enterprises on Business Performance and the Moderating of Enterprises Operating Capacity--Evidence from Listed Electronic Industries in Taiwan

經營績效好，企業才能永續經營。企業除了用心經營之外，還需有一個夠大的市場來運作。臺灣周遭鄰國諸如日本、南韓、菲律賓等由土地面積及人口所形成的國內市場皆較大於臺灣；因此，國內中小企業不得不延伸較小的國內市場到較大的國際市場，再發揮國內廠商優勢較優質的能力，才能創造出好的企業績效。因此，國際化係臺灣企業提昇經營績效的重要因素。本文藉由臺灣電子業以國際化觀點在國際貿易、廠商優勢等因素探討對經營績效之影響；本研究選取382家公司為樣本，期間為2017年，以階層迴歸之資料型態進行分析。實證結果顯示企業在國際化起步階段，經由國際貿易、廠商優勢之研發有助於提昇經營績效，廠商優勢之廣告的正向假設未得到支持。經營能力對國際化與經營績效有正向調節作用。然而，當國際化達到一個適當階段後，經營績效開始下滑。因此，國內企業要認知自己的經營能力，在國際化的策略操作下，創造較有利的經營績效。 Maximizing performance is crucial to the success of enterprises. In addition to careful management, a large enough market is needed for an enterprise to operate. Therefore, Taiwanese enterprises must expand their smaller domestic market to a larger international market and optimize their operating capacity in order to enhance business performance. This article examines export intensity, R&D intensity, advertising intensity, and other factors in context of Taiwan's electronics industry to investigate the effects of internationalization of industries on business performance. The empirical results show that when the internationalization of a company reaches a certain point via exporting, advertising, business performance begins to decline and R&D has a time lag effect on business performance. Regarding the moderating effect, operating capacity of enterprises will strengthen the positive relationship between internationalization and business performance. Thus, companies must reflect upon their international policies to create profitable business performance.