格格不入：來臺越南女性婚姻移民的雙重缺場

Out of Place: The Double Absence of Vietnam Marriage Immigrants

世界普遍存在著移民的受苦，臺灣的情形又是如何呢？這篇文章希望能藉由移民跨國雙重性的觀點，以兼具移出與移入兩地的討論，揭開在臺越婚姻中促成遷移的社會機制，以及越南女性婚姻移民經此來臺後所面臨的雙重缺場特殊情境。本研究發現，家庭代際契約中孝順女兒的主體認同、與臺越婚姻「風潮」中的集體誤識，是影響越南女性以仲介婚姻作為中間通道來臺的重要機制；語言實踐的困難、商品化婚姻的符號暴力、負面跨國處境，則形塑了越南女性的孤單、親密不滿、受到不禮貌注視、背叛等受苦經驗。本文採用這樣視角，是希望移轉臺灣對婚姻移民已有的適應式「社會問題」研究視角，將其轉化成探討婚姻移民受苦之社會根源的「社會學問題」，同時期盼能提供更多有關移出地越南南部農村的移民情境，以拓展臺灣學界已有的以臺灣為場址的東南亞婚姻移民研究。 Using Taiwan as an example of immigrant suffering in many parts of the world, the author uses the idea of immigrant doubleness to identify social mechanisms that enable transnational marital migration and that dissimulate the “double absence” experiences of Vietnamese female marriage migrants in Taiwan and Vietnam. I find that phong trào (trend), triggered by remittances sent via marriage migrants and intergenerational family contracts, and its consequence of collective illusions provide the most important mechanisms in Taiwanese-Vietnamese match-made marriages. Further, linguistic challenges, discontent regarding expectations of intimacy, incivil attention, and negative transnationalism exacerbate the suffering experiences of Vietnamese marriage migrants. This essay attempts to transform a social problem-oriented inquiry that centers on the adaption of marital immigrants into a sociological question focused on the social causes of immigrant suffering.