從情感需求探討視障兒童之玩具設計要素

Investigation of Toys Design to Meet the Emotional Needs of Visually Impaired Children

目前在探討使用者體驗設計相關議題時，學術界多半聚焦於一般消費市場，但對於弱勢族群，如身心障礙、老年人或兒童時，焦點仍集中在輔具或軟體的人因探討上的探討，常忽略了其情感上的特殊需求，相關的研究與資源也相對不足，因此本研究以視障兒童的情感需求為研究重心，從關懷弱勢的角度出發，透過觀察及訪談，找出適合視障兒童的玩具設計要素，讓視障兒童長期被忽略的玩具需求能被學術界與產業界看見與重視。本研究透過使用者行為觀察來瞭解視障兒童在操作三種不同類型玩具時的行為與反應，觀察重點包含玩具對其感官的刺激、操作過程中的順暢性及情感反應，並透過與其父母及老師的深度訪談，更清楚地瞭解視障兒童在操作玩具時的種種特殊需求與反應，最後利用KJ法對所蒐集到的資訊進行歸納分析。研究人員透過歸納分析後，將玩具操作體驗過程分為三個階段，分別為：1.初步探索；2.操作過程；3.情感回饋；在這三個階段中，研究人員又再分別歸納出八個情感上的設計要素，分別為：（1）安全感；（2）吸引力；（3）興趣；（4）直覺性；（5）簡易性；（6）成就感；（7）互動與回饋；（8）收獲與期待。本研究最後根據研究成果，提出能滿足視障兒童情感需求的玩具設計檢核表，期待此研究成果能提供相關領域的學者及設計師做參考，規劃出更能滿足視障兒童特殊需求的玩具或相關產品。 Currently, most issues exploring the design of user experience focused on ordinary consumption markets. For vulnerable groups of physical and mental retardation like seniors or children, researches mainly focused on auxiliary operation aids but frequently neglected special emotional demand. Therefore, this research emphasized the emotional demand of visually impaired children in the perspective of concerning vulnerable groups. Through observation and interview, it aimed to make the long neglected toy demand clearly seen by more people. After investigation, three kinds of toys were screened and respectively categorized into cognitive operation, audiovisual sense and construction. Researchers observed playing behaviors and response among five visually impaired children. Observatory points included the sensory stimulation caused by toys, together with the smoothness and emotional response under operational process. Aside from operational observation, researchers also conducted in depth interview with parents and teachers to more clearly understand various demands and responses of visually impaired children when playing toys. Finally, researchers analyzed the information collected by the KJ method. After inductive analysis, researchers categorized the operational process into three phases, respectively initial exploration, operational process and emotional feedback. In these three phases, researchers further induced eight emotional design elements, respectively (1) safety sense, (2) attractive force, (3) interest, (4) intuition, (5) simplicity, (6) achievement sense, (7) interaction and feedback, and (8) harvest and expectation. Researchers also proposed concrete design principles by focusing on every design element. Based on research results, a check list of toy design meeting the emotional demands of visually impaired children was proposed. The researchers hope the research results could benefit the scholars and designers of relevant realms planning with toys or relevant products meeting the special demands of visually impaired children.