政治運動中史學刊物的遭遇――以《歷史研究》的停刊為中心的考察

《歷史研究》是中華人民共和國最早創辦的學術期刊之一，是歷史學界的權威刊物。自創辦以來，《歷史研究》既有力推動了由中共主導的馬克思主義史學的型塑與發展，也與共和國的政治風雲緊密聯繫在一起。伴隨著歷次政治運動，政治批判逐漸滲入到《歷史研究》之中，顯示出政治鬥爭在史學領域產生的深入影響。1965年底，隨著姚文元〈評新編歷史劇《海瑞罷官》〉的發表，以批判吳晗為突破口的「文化大革命」洶湧襲來，史學成為了政治運動的突破口，在複雜的政治形勢和愈來愈嚴厲的政治批判之下，《歷史研究》為了保住生存權，被迫迎合政治鬥爭的論調，逐漸淪為政治運動的附庸，最終未能逃脫停刊的厄運。《歷史研究》在「文革」初期從極力適應到被迫停刊的曲折歷程，黎澍、劉大年等辦刊學人在政治風暴襲來之時的掙扎與抉擇，都深刻地反映出政治運動中學術刊物的命運沉浮，揭示出共和國時期史學與政治之間的複雜糾葛。 istorical Research is one of the earliest academic journals founded in New China. Since its inception, Historical Research has not only promoted the development of history, but also closely linked with the political situation of the Republic. Along with the political movements, political criticism gradually infiltrated into Historical Research, and academics are increasingly influenced by politics. At the end of 1965, with the publication of Yao Wenyuan's paper, the Cultural Revolution began, and history became a breakthrough in political movements. Under the more severe political critique, in order to preserve the right to subsistence, Historical Research has deviated from the academic track and gradually became a vassal of the political movement, and ultimately failed to escape the misfortune of suspending publication. In the early days of the Cultural Revolution, Historical Research's encounter revealed the complex relationship between politics and scholarship.