低成就學生之國語文成長軌跡分析及其影響因素研究

決策者與學者持續進行對低成就學生的研究與關懷，然而，較多著重於橫斷面資料探索，較少著墨學生縱貫性成長變化。因此，本研究透過某全市學生於補救教學科技化評量之國語文表現，以潛在成長模式與條件式潛在成長模式進行固定樣本縱貫追蹤，以探討低成就學生國語文成就成長軌跡，並剖析性別、家庭收入、學校偏遠地區與否等背景特徵的影響。本研究經分析某全市五年級國語文低成就學生於三個時間點之學習成長軌跡，有效樣本為4,820名，結果發現屬於線性遞增的成長模式，並透過條件式潛在成長模式分析，發現性別、學校偏遠與否，對國語文低成就學生的初始狀態具影響力，而家庭收入狀況則是對學業成就的成長速率有影響。最後提出對未來政策與研究的建議。 A great deal of researches related to issues about low achievers has been the major focus in education field for decades, and scholars has also provided profound results about the impact of some vital factors on low achievers' performances. Whereas, in comparison to cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies were quite few. The study has two folds. The first is to examine the growth trajectories of fifth-grade low achievers from an anonymous city in Taiwan within the context of the policy-based remedial instruction program implemented by Ministry of Education. The second is to investigate the impact of some factors, including gender, status of family income, and status of school location, on low achievers' Chinese performances. With the assistance from Bureau of Education, the study obtained a total sample of 13,746 fifth-grade students who identified as suspicious low achievers. After screening and data management, only 4,820 low achievers were included in this study, and each sample has three wave of assessment data. The result showed that a linear growth model existed in the study. Besides, results from analysis under conditional latent growth model indicated that low achievers' gender and status of school location had slight impact on initial performance but showed no impact on growth rate. Whereas, opposite results were obtained while taking low achievers' status of family income as predictors. Finally, some suggestions were proposed for further reference.