男女擇偶年齡偏好的城鄉差異——台北市與鄉區縣市之比較

Urban-Rural Differences Between Male and Female Regarding Age Preference of Mate Selection in Taipei and Rural Areas

過去的研究認為並證實，處於「擇偶劣勢」（可婚對象較少）的個人、性別、群體、或地區，將會放寬或調整其擇偶偏好，以擴大其擇偶機會。此一看法被統稱為「調整論」。根據張榮富（2013a）以「調整論」延伸的看法與實證結果，「年齡上門檻是一種對異性年齡的勉為其難的接受」，自感配偶價值較低者，會設定較高的年齡上門檻，以擴展擇偶機會。年齡下門檻則是「自己願意接受而且有希望被異性接受的最小年齡」，自感配偶價值較低者，較沒有自信心能吸引到更年輕異性，故設定較高之年齡下門檻，以免常被拒絕而自尋煩惱。本文延伸此一看法認為：鄉區縣市（五都之外的其他縣市）男女的教育、所得及生活品質明顯較台北市男女為低，鄉區縣市男女的自感配偶價值應較低，故將會設定較台北市男女更高的年齡上門檻與更高的年齡下門檻。本文以婚友網站的會員資料為樣本，得出的結果顯示，（1）鄉區縣市男性的逐歲擇偶年齡偏好的上門檻與台北市男性差距不明顯，但下門檻則明顯高於台北市男性。（2）鄉區縣市女性的逐歲擇偶年齡偏好的上門檻與下門檻皆明顯高於台北市女性。上述結果符合本文推測。 Past research suggests that individuals, genders, groups, or regions that are in a “singularity” ( so called less marriageable) will widen or adjust their mate preferences to expand their chances for choosing a spouse (e.g, South, 1991; Chang, 2009, 2013), this view is collectively referred to as “adjustment theory” (Chang, 2006). According to Chang's (2009, 2013) extension of the “adjustment theory” and the empirical results, “The age of upper threshold for sexual preference is a kind of difficult acceptance.” The lower self-inductive spouse will set a higher age threshold to expand the chance of choosing a spouse. The lower threshold of age means “the minimum age that I am willing to accept and hope to be accepted.” Those who have lower self-inductive spouses have less self-confidence to attract younger companion, so set a higher age threshold to avoid being often Refused (or being laughed) and looking for troubles. According to this view, the paper speculates that the education and income of men and women in rural areas and counties (other counties and cities outside Five Main Cities in Taiwan) are significantly lower than those of men and women in Taipei, and the value of self-inductive spouses of men and women in rural areas and counties should be lower; therefore, the upper age threshold for higher age and the lower threshold for higher ages will be set for men and women more than in Taipei. This article takes the member information of the marriage partner website as a research sample, and the results show that (1) the gap between Taipei and rural areas and counties regarding year by year of the age of upper threshold of males for mate age preference is not obvious; however, the age of lower threshold in rural areas and counties is significantly higher than that of Taipei. (2)the women those who live in rural areas and counties regarding year by year of the age of upper and lower threshold for mate age preference is significant higher than in Taipei. The above results are in line with this research speculation.