不同類型清潔劑之雞胚胎細胞體外毒性試驗與家兔眼角膜體內試驗之比較研究

A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CYTOTOXICITY TEST WITH CHICKEN EMBRYO CELLS IN VITRO AND THE CORNEAL TEST WITH RABBIT EYES IN VIVO OF DIFFERENT DETERGENTS

以5mg等五種劑量之Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate（SDS）進行角膜試驗時，可引起家兔眼角膜混濁、糜爛、脫落並伴隨著眼臉腫脹，結合膜潮紅、出血等不同程度之變化，而以同一劑量之SDS，Sodium Deoxycholate，TritonX-100，及Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide等四種清潔劑眼刺激性試驗比較，其致不可恢復性傷害之濃度量大小依序為：Cetyletrimethylammonium Bromide（Cationic type）＞Sodium Deoxycholate（anionic，nature bile salt）＞SDS（anionic type）＞TritonX-100（non-ionic type）。另一項以雞胚細胞培養法所進行之體外試驗顯示：四種清潔劑之致細胞毒性之濃度與體內之角膜試驗者一致，而測試所使用之劑量較後者為低，實為檢測清潔劑眼刺激性試驗前初步篩選之理想方法。 An anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDS), was administered directly to the corneal surface of albino rabbits, causing various irritations and histopathological changes to eyes and corneal membranes of the rabbits. The toxicity of four different detergents determined by this corneal test followed the order of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cationic) > sodium deoxycholate (anionic) > SDS (anionic) > triton x-100 (nonionic). These substances were also tested for cell toxicity in vitro using a primary culture of chicken embryo cells and the minimum cytotoxicity concentrations were found to be of the same level as in the corneal test, yet the doses required were much smaller. This method offers a very good means for screening the potentially irritating detergents without using live animals and can be used to select product formulations for studies in vivo.