等待醫治的斷指：冷戰自由人文主義的國／種族殘缺敘事

Fixing the Severed Fingers: The Militarization of Injured Nationalism and Racialized Cold War Liberal Humanism

面對後冷戰社會主義的不斷消解，以及當下各式右翼民粹主義運動萌發，大量以民族國家為首的民主化運動重整之歷史時刻，有越來越多的文獻重新探討冷戰自由主義，尤其關於自由、民主與人文主義等進步話語，如何構築美國帝國主義的跨太平洋歷史形構，並影響後殖民亞洲國家的民主化歷程。將吳念真1996年的電影《太平天國》中關於1960年代冷戰台灣的再探，視為冷戰現代性歷史敘事的一環，本文一併回顧國際科學人文主義的冷戰系譜，試圖深化冷戰敘事中關於醫學現代性與軍事主義的問題意識詰問，同時探究後冷戰文化生產中的自由人文主義想像，並重新問題化此一新殖民主義的歷史延續與斷裂。透過分析電影敘事呈現的有關美國在亞洲的軍事佈局，以及故事主人翁對於美國現代醫學與科技的想像，一方面詰問台灣解嚴民主化與醫療現代化過程中軍事帝國主義的文化重構，也分析後冷戰文化批判當中的人文主義想像，如何挪用並置換了殘疾與種族的議題，並論證這個置換的過程正是台灣與美國現代性權力共構一個種族化的展現，也是理解美國跨太平洋新殖民權力關係部署與後殖民亞洲國家的國族主義發展一個重要的視角。 At the current historical moment as witnessed by the rise of right-wing populism in various nationalist movements in the name of democratization across the globe, a number of critical scholarship has called for a reevaluation of the historical formations of Cold War liberalism in transpacific contexts. Considering Wu Nien-Jen's film, Buddha Bless America (1996), as an integrated part of the Cold War historical narratives, this paper looks at how this cultural text renders visible the Cold War problematics about the dual process of militarization and medicalization articulated through liberal categories of freedom, democracy and scientic progress. To read this film as presenting the Taiwan Cold War history under the transnational genealogies of scientific humanism, this paper further explores how this Post-Cold War liberal cultural critique rehearses some familiar language of liberalism itself in a series of displacements of race and disability in the mutual constitutions of US-Taiwan modernities. The critical view of the continuous racialized displacements in this colonial-imperialist nexus of power is much needed for imagining a “third world” de-colonializing project.