高齡者心理健康問題、心理需求滿足與生活滿意度之相關研究

A Study on Relationships among the Mental Health Problems, Psychological Needs Satisfaction, and Life Satisfaction of Elders

本研究旨在探討高齡者心理健康問題、心理需求滿足與生活滿意度之相關。採用問卷調查法，以臺南市年滿65歲以上高齡者為對象進行調查，共取得有效樣本242人，根據問卷所得資料，以描述統計、相依樣本單因子變異數分析、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、單因子多變量變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、多元強迫迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料分析。研究結果如下：1.高齡者的心理健康狀況良好，心理需求滿足與生活滿意度有中高程度的滿意。2.女性高齡者在心理健康問題困擾顯著高於男性高齡者。3.教育程度及個人經濟狀況二個背景變項在心理需求滿足和生活滿意度上有顯著差異。4.心理健康問題和心理需求滿足有顯著負相關；心理健康問題與生活滿意度有顯著負相關；心理需求滿足與生活滿意度有顯著正相關。5.高齡者心理健康問題和心理需求滿足可解釋生活滿意度43.4％變異量，且能有效預測生活滿意度。最後，根據結論提出建議：對高齡者：宜重視自我的心理健康提升高齡者的生活滿意度，並鼓勵高齡者表達心理需求，保持與他人良好的互動。對諮商與輔導工作者：協助自我調適產生正向思考及行動，並協助了解與探索心理需求滿足增進對生活現況的滿意。 This study aims to explore the relationship between mental health problems, psychological need satisfaction, and life satisfaction of the elderly. Survey method was adopted for this research. The research sample were elderly from Tainan City whose age were 65 years old and above. A total of 242 valid samples were obtained. Descriptive analysis, dependent samples one-way ANOVA, Independent Sample T Test, one-way ANOVA, one-way MANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and forced entry multiple regression analysis were adopted for statistical analysis. The results of the study revealed: (1) The mental health status of the elderly is good, and the psychological need satisfaction and life satisfaction are moderately high. (2) Female elderly are significantly more troubled by mental health problems than male elderly. (3) There were significant differences in psychological needs satisfaction and life satisfaction of the elderly with different education level and personal economic status. (4) There was a significant negative correlation between elderly people's mental health problems and psychological needs satisfaction; elderly people's mental health problems were significantly negatively correlated with their life satisfaction; elderly people's psychological needs satisfaction was significantly positively correlated with their life satisfaction. (5) The mental health problems and psychological needs of elderly people can explain 43.4% of the variation in life satisfaction, and can effectively predict life satisfaction. Lastly, suggestions are offered to elderly, consultant and counselors base on the results: (1) The elderly people are encouraged to pay attention on the mental health of the self, improve the life satisfaction, and express psychological needs and maintain quality interaction with others. (2) The counselors are encouraged to assist the elderly people in self-adjustment, generating positive thinking and action. Also, to assist them in understanding and exploring psychological needs satisfaction, and improving satisfaction with their current state of life.