檢證《論語》──論孔子思想中的冥契主義向度

On the Classification of The Analects of Confucius- Discussion on the Confucius's Mysticism

孔子是否具有冥契主義的思想向度？這一問題上，學者所援以討論的冥契主義理論有來自詹姆斯「四特性說」所發展而成的「五大特徵說」，以及史泰司的「內外向型說」，而在詮釋《論語》中若干可能與冥契主義有關的文獻上，學者也各有其不同的偏重與解釋上的分歧。本文一方面檢討「四特性說」、「五大特徵說」與「內外向型說」的異同關係；另方面也基於考量《論語》文獻，特別是孔子論「天」之處，由於能從中解讀出一種超越之「天」一體冥合、於天地萬物中見生機活潑以及不可言說等，與冥契經驗若干重要特徵，極其相似的思想觀念。因此，筆者傾向於認為在下學上達、踐仁知天的孔子仁教中應當能蘊涵著冥契主義的思想內容。 Does Confucius philosophy have a Mysticism? About this issue , on the one hand, scholars rely on several theories of mysticism , including: ''si te xing shuo'', ''wu da te zheng shuo'', ''nei wai xiang xing shuo''; on the other hand, the interpretation of the mysticism texts in the Analects of Confucius has a variety of different interpretations. In this paper, on the one hand, this article discusses the differences between the theory of Mysticism such as ''si te xing shuo'', ''wu da te zheng shuo'', ''nei wai xiang xing shuo'' ; on the other hand, we can find there are many features similar to mysticism in the Analects texts. Therefore, the essay believes that we can find the thinking of mysticism in Confucius’s philosophy.