中高齡創業文獻回顧

Review of Middle and Senior Entrepreneurial Literature

高齡化已是世界的趨勢，人口老化社會高齡人口與青壯人口的比率出現嚴重失衡，對經濟、政治及社會的衝擊便開始出現。如此快速的人口結構改變，除了政府政策難以快速因應之外，整個社會也顯得無所適從。如何維持國家足夠的勞動力並促進中高齡者保持經濟性生產，已成為現代化國家需要關切的議題。因國內學術界對於高齡創業的研究鮮少關注，研究者搜尋國外相關議題，並因高齡創業相關文獻較少僅篩選出13篇涵蓋2011年至2017年期間有關高齡創業相關議題的國外文獻，並加以彙整討論最後給予結論與建議。當高齡化社會來臨，高齡者比例將會快速提高，若沒有完善政策來多加利用高齡者人力的資源，將對國家經濟造成莫大的影響，較少數量的年輕人必須承擔照顧老一代，必將成為年輕人的巨大負擔。因此，政府應建立健全高齡創業政策，審查福利制度，提供高齡者友善的創業環境與創業資源。讓退休人員可充分掌握許多關於創業的信息，以及商業機會，並為他們媒合合適的產業。 Aged society is nowadays a widespread phenomenon worldwide. The imbalance ratio between the senior population and the young population begins to widen, resulting in the impact on a nation's economy, politics and society. In addition, the rapid change of population distribution not only makes it hard for the government to handle, but it also causes many social problems. As a result, it becomes a must concerned issue for modern countries to deal with the problem of sustaining the sufficient demand of labor forces and increase economic productivity of senior force. Owing to the insufficient attention to senior entrepreneurship in domestic academic community, for this issue, researchers had collected 13 international articles between 2011 and 2017, and concluded the articles, and gave the suggestion. With the arriving of aged society, the elderly will be the fastest growing segment of the population. If there is no comprehensive policy to take advantage of senior labor force, the young will have to claim full responsibilities for taking care of the senior that not only becoming the great burden of the young but causing serious impact on national economic development. Therefore, the government should build up a thorough policy for senior entrepreneurs to follow and also a welfare system to provide them a friendly entrepreneurial environment and resources. With these resources, the retired senior could receive more information and chances for the new business and also be easier to find the match one.