愛爾蘭的公民投票制度──以1998年「英愛協議」後修憲為例

Ireland's Referendum System: A Case Study of Constitutional Amendment after the 1998 Anglo-Irish Agreement

公民投票是直接民主的表現。每個國家對於公民投票的規範不盡相同。就愛爾蘭的例子而言，由於地緣政治的關係，愛爾蘭深受英國影響，一直到1922年才有第一部愛爾蘭自由邦憲法且有公投規範。1937年實行的第二部憲法將愛爾蘭公民投票分成兩大類，第一是針對一般法案進行立法公民投票，第二是針對憲法修正案進行憲法公民投票。從1959年第一次公民投票案成案到2018年止，愛爾蘭一共進行了39個公民投票案，而且都是憲法修正案的公民投票。本文除了針對愛爾蘭公投制度與程序做論述外，筆者並探討愛爾蘭修憲案中之國土界定公投案以及民族認同，作為台灣固有疆域議題以及國家認同討論之反思。 Referendum is a manifestation of direct democracy. Each country has different norms for referendum. In the case of Ireland, due to geopolitical relations, Ireland was deeply influenced by the United Kingdom and did not have constitutional referendum until the Irish Free State was established in 1922. The second constitution, enacted in 1937, divided the Irish referendum into two broad categories. The first was a legislative referendum on the general bill, and the second was a constitutional referendum on constitutional amendments. Since the first referendum in 1959 to 2018, Ireland conducted a total of 39 referendums and all are based on constitutional amendments. In addition to the discussion of the Irish referendum system and procedures, the author also discusses the definition of national boundaries and national identity in the Irish constitutional amendment, as a reflection of Taiwan's inherent territory issues and national identity discussions.